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Kaveripattanam was the capital and major port city of the early Chola kings of the Tamil state.
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The Classical Era was from 1000-300 B.C.E.-
Historians think that long-distance trade from Egypt and Mesopotamia may have declined
around 1000 BCE. During the second half of the millennium, trade expanded among new groups of people. Several strong states existed at this time, including the
Mauryan Empire (323-185 BCE) of India, the Persian Empire, the Roman Empire in Europe,
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The Phoenicians dominated trade and travel during the first millennium BCE. They also specialized in making glass products. The Phoenicians imported and exported items like wine, olives and olive oil, wheat, spices, metals, honey, and cedarwood.
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Persians migrate to Iran from Asia
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The indigo plant was a valuable plant found in documents as early as the 7th century BCE, in Babylon, and later also mentioned in Greek, and Roman sources. Chinese silks were also dyed with indigo during this period.
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Three large trade networks developed between 600 BCE and 600 CE: the Silk Road, the Indian Ocean trade, and the Saharan trade.
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Dhows and Lateen sails along with knowledge of Monsoon winds allowed long-distance trading. From the western Mediterranean to the South China Sea carried goods of one civilized core to be exchanged with the other.
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Between 600 and 300 BCE, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism spread across the Bay of Bengal to Southeast Asia.
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Greek and Roman sailors and traders entered the Indian Ocean after 500 BCE, sent there by the Persian ruler Darius I. They traded ceramics, gold, olive oil, and wine
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The Peloponnesian War was where Athens and Sparta fought over rival claims to a colonial city-state. During the 2nd year of this war, a massive plague called the Athenian Plague broke out. This attempt to invade Sicily cost Athens more than 200 ships, 4500 men and many trading allies.
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Funan's ships controlled trade between China and India, and dominated territory across the Indochinese peninsula. The cities of Funan also transferred trade goods from the Indian Ocean and South China Sea ports into inland trade routes.
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During the period of Mauryan Rule, there was a great expansion in trade between main centers of civilization in Eurasia and Africa.
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The Isthmus of Kra is a narrow strip of land that connects the Malay Peninsula to the continent of Asia. As early as the fourth century BCE, traders from India reached the rest of Southeast Asia by crossing the Isthmus of Kra, rather than making them longer and more difficult journey around the entire Malay Peninsula.
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Aksum inked to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean trade networks by its port city of Adulis, Aksum controlled the profitable African gold and ivory trade. It exported gold, gems, spices, incense, and ivory to Greece, India, Sri Lanka, and Persia.
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For a short period, from 751 b.c.e. until the invasion of Egypt by the Assyrians in 666 b.c.e., the kings of Meroë also ruled as pharaohs of Egypt. Meroë had the mineral ores and fuels needed to produce iron on a large scale. That technology, and its extensive trade with Egypt and the Mediterranean, allowed Meroë to flourish.