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Sand Creek Massacre
The Fort Laramie treaty of 1851 guarenteed ownership of the area north of the Arkansas River to the Nebraska border to the Cheyenne and Arapahoe. Instead of following this treaty, many Euro-Americans went into that territory to mine for gold. The Indians then took 600 acres of land for their own reservation and colonel John Chivington asked if they wanted to join his army. They agreed, then Chivington turned right around and slaughtered 148 of them in this horrible massacre. -
2nd Treaty of Ft. Laramie
This was an agreement between the U.S. and Lakota nation, Yanktonai Sioux, Santee Sioux, and Arapaho. It was signed at Fort Laramie in the Wyoming territory. It guarenteed the Lakota the oownership of the Black Hills and further land and hunting rights in South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana. This treaty also ended Red Cloud's war. -
Medicine Lodge Treaty
Members of the Indian Peace commision met with 500 Cavalry soldiers at a Medicine Lodge in Kansas. Three seperate agreements were signed by 49 leaders of the Kiowa, Comanche, Southern Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Plains Apache. The treaty set aside lands mostly in Oklahoma and Kansas for the tribes. This was broken by many white settlers, and it was taken to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court charged the white's with many charges. -
Battle of Palo Duro Canyon
Colonel Ranald McKenzie caught many Indians from the tribes of the Comanches, Kiowas, and Cheyennes who were preparing for the winter time. McKenzie sent in his cavalry to attack these Indians. Some of them ran away, while others stayed to protect their camps. McKenzie and his men killed over 1,000 Indian horses, and destroyed all of their sources of food. After this battle, the Indians were starving and were forced to move onto the reservation in Indian Territory that following Spring. -
Battle of Little Big Horn
The Sioux and Cheyenne Indians were very angry with the white people for entering their sacred land in the Black Hills. The Indians moved into Montana with their leader, which angered the whites. To force the Indians back to their reservations, George Armstrong Custer and his army led three organized columns to attack. The Indians fought a tough battle, killing every single one of Custer's soldier including Custer himself, they still lost the battle. -
Relocation of the Nez Perce
The U.S. government ordered the "non-treaty" Nez Perce to relocate to the new reservation by June 14th. After violence came about, Chief Joseph and other Nez Perce leaders decided it would be better to flee to Canada than relocate to the reservation.750 Nez Perce battled over 2,000 U.S. Army soldiers. They finally surrendered at Bear Paw, Montana just off the Canadian border. -
Capture of Geronimo
Following his surrender in 1883, Geronimo and his followers agreed to live on the San Carlos reservation.But, in 1885, Geronimo and some Apaches left the reservation and went to live in mountains in Old Mexico.General Nelson A. Miles and his crew set out to find these men, and capture them. Finally, on a hot summer day, the men caught the worn out Indians. -
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Ghost Dance Movement Begins
A Paiute shaman, Wovoka, had a vision. His vision said that the Indian dead would live again, the buffalo would return, and the white's would leave. His vision turned into a religious movement called the Ghost Dance. It was very inspiring to suffering Native Americans. This was later brought to an end because the white's believed it was a form of an uprising so they ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull who was later killed in a fight. -
Wounded Knee Massacre
Colonel James Forsyth marched him and his troops into Indian territory to demand all Indian firearms are taken away. One of Forsyth's soldiers tried to disarm a deaf Indian man named Black Coyote. A fight broke out between them, and the firearm was accidentally set off. This set everyone into a frenzy and everyone began shooting. In the end, at least 150 Indians were killed, only 25 people in the army were killed, and Forsyth was later charged with killing the innocent.
