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Sand Creek Massacre
In 1864 some Cheyenne raided ranches and the U.S. offered amnesty if they returned to the reservation. On November 29, Chivington arrived at Sand Creek. Black Kettle raised an American flag and a white flag as a sign of peace but Chivington did not want peace. Him and his troops opened fire and killed about 150 people and they burned their camp down. They returned to camp with scalps and this angered Americans. -
Medicine Lodge Treaty
In October 1867 a U.S. Indian Peace Commission signed three treaties at Medicine Lodge Creek near Medicine Lodge, Kansas. One treaty was made with the Kiowa and Comanche, a second confederated the Plains Apache with the Kiowa and Comanche, and a third was negotiated with the Arapaho and Cheyenne. The United States promised the tribes peace and protection from white intruders in return for amity and relocation to reservations in western Indian Territory. -
The Second Treaty of Fort Laramie
The Second Treaty of Fort Laramie was an agreement between the US and the Lakota nation, Yanktonai Sioux, Santee Sioux, and Arapaho tribes. The treaty gave the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills. It also gave them further land and hunting rights. This treaty ended Red Cloud's war. -
Battle of Palo Duro Canyon
Colonel Ranald Mckenzie caught Native Americans preparing for winter encampment. McKenzie sent a cavalry in the fall and some Native Americans ran, but some defended their camps. MacKenzie and his soldiers then slaughtered over 1,000 Indian ponies and destroyed all their food supply. The starving Comaches indians had no choice but to move into an Indian reservation the following spring. -
Battle of Little Big Horn
The U.S. government ordered all the Lakota Sioux to return to their reservation but they refused to do so. About 2,000 Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho gathered near Little Big Horn River and Sitting Bull (Sioux Leader) started a ceremonial sun dance. He had a vision that there was a great victory over the soldiers. General Custer lead his troops and they were quickly slaughtered. It was a short victory. -
Relocation of the Nez Perce
Gold miners and settlers started to come into the Nez Perce's reservation in Idaho and Oregon. In 1877 Chief Joseph agreed to move out of Oregon into the remaining chunk of land. An arguement broke out between the settlers and some Nez Perce so women and children were forced to flee. They fled to Canada fighting major battles but close to the border they surrendered. They were then reloacted to Kansas and Oklahoma Territory. -
Capture of Geronimo
Geronimo surrendered but that night he, along with a small group slipped away from the soldiers. THe American army was forced to use 5,000 troops, a network of heliograph stations flashing messages from mountain to mountain, and over 100 renegade Apache scouts to chase and hound Geronimo and his followers. It brought an end to the Apache wars which had cost the American government over $1 million per annum. -
Ghost Dance Movement Begins
A Paiute shaman, Wavoka was given a vision that the Indian dead would rise again, the buffalo would return, and the white people would leave. This image started a religious movement. It provided hope for suffering Native Americans, but the Americans thought it was a war statement or threat. August 1890 the military ordered for Sitting Bull to be arrested and while they were there a skirmish broke out and Sitting Bull along with others were killed.Many Sioux fled but they surrendered to soldiers -
Wounded Knee Massacre
The day after the Sioux surrendered to the U.S., Colonel Forsyth odered for all Sioux weapons to be taken away. A young Sioux named Black Coyote did not want to give up his rifle so a soldier tried to take it away from him. Durring the struggle the rifle went off and this started a massacre. By the end 300 Sioux men, women, and children were killed.General Nelson Miles was so angry that he removed Forsyth from command.This was the end of the conflicts between the Plains Indians and the U.S army.
