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Sand Creek Massacre
The Sand Creek Massacre was an atrocity in the Indian Wars of the United States that occurred on November 29, 1864, when a 700-man force of Colorado Territory militia attacked and destroyed a village of friendly Cheyenne and Arapaho encamped in southeastern Colorado Territory, killing and mutilating an estimated 70–163 Indians, about two-thirds of whom were women and children. -
Medicine Lodge Treaty
The Medicine Lodge Treaty is the overall name for three treaties signed between the United States government and southern Plains Indian tribes in October 1867, intended to bring peace to the area by relocating the Native Americans to reservations in Indian Territory and away from European-American settlement. The treaty was negotiated after investigation by the Indian Peace Commission, which in its final report in 1868 concluded that the wars had been preventable. -
2nd Treaty of Ft. Laramie
The Treaty of Fort Laramie (also called the Sioux Treaty of 1868) was an agreement between the United States and the Oglala, Miniconjou, and Brulé bands of Lakota people, Yanktonai Dakota, and Arapaho Nation signed in 1868 at Fort Laramie in the Wyoming Territory, guaranteeing to the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills, and further land and hunting rights in South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana. -
Battle of Palo Duro Canyon
The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon was the major battle of the Red River War, which ended in the confinement of southern Plains Indians (Comanches, Kiowas, Kiowa Apaches, Cheyennes, and Arapahos) to the reservations in the Indian Territory. By late September 1874 the warring Indians had camped in the protection of Palo Duro Canyon, where a Kiowa shaman, Maman-ti, promised them they would be safe. -
Battle of Little Big Horn
The Battle of Little Big Horn was an armed engagement between the forces of the Lakota, Norther Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes against the Untied States Army. The battle happened near the little bighorn river in the eastern Montana Territory. It was an oerwhelming victory for the lakota, norther cheyenne and arapaho. The total causalties of the U.S. Army were 268 dead and 55 injured. -
Relocation of the Nez Perce war (chief Joseph)
The background to the Nez Perce War is a lamentably familiar situation. In 1877, President Ulysses S. Grant opened the Nez Percé homeland, the beautiful Wallowa Valley of Eastern Oregon, to white settlement. In addition, the U.S. government demanded that all roaming Nez Percé bands promptly move onto the Lapwai reservation in present-day Idaho. Chief Joseph, a dignified, well-spoken man, was selected to meet and discuss the demand with one-armed Civil War veteran Brigidier General Oliver O. Howa -
Capture of Geronimo
After his surrender in 1883 Geronimo and his followers deicded to live on the San Carlos reservation inMay 1885, however, a band of Apaches, led by Geronimo, Nana and Nachez, left the San Carlos reservation and fled to the Sierra Madre Mountains of Old Mexico where they resumed their former life of raiding Mexican towns and ranches. -
Ghost Dance movement begins
The Ghost dance movement was a religious movement. It was a manifestation of Native Americans' fear, anger, and hope regarding the onslaught of white invaders, U.S. Army brutalization, and the U.S. legislative oppression of indigenous nations. -
Wounded Knee Massacre
White officials became alarmed at the religious fervor and in December 1890 banned the Ghost Dance on Lakota reservations.When the rites continued, officials called in troops to Pine Ridge and Rosebud reservations in South Dakota. The military, led by veteran General Nelson Miles, geared itself for another campaign.General Miles had also ordered the arrest of Big Foot, who had been known to live along the Cheyenne River in South Dakota. But, Big Foot and his followers had already departed south.
