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They were designed to ensure equality for recently emancipated slaves. -
Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal" -
interracial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans by a group including W. E. B. Du Bois -
Granted women the right to vote -
Truman's order ended a long-standing practice of segregating Black soldiers and relegating them to more menial jobs -
Brown v. Board of Education was one of the cornerstones of the civil rights movement, and helped establish the precedent that “separate-but-equal” education and other services were not, in fact, equal -
groups of white and African American civil rights activists who participated in Freedom Rides, bus trips through the American South in 1961 to protest segregated bus terminals -
young African American students staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, and refused to leave after being denied service. The sit-in movement soon spread to college towns throughout the South. -
King was in prison along with many of his fellow activists. While imprisoned, King penned an open letter now known as his “Letter from a Birmingham Jail,” a full-throated defense of the Birmingham protest campaign that is now regarded as one of the greatest texts of the civil rights movement -
At the march, final speaker Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., standing in front of the Lincoln Memorial, delivered his historic "I Have a Dream" speech in which he called for an end to racism. -
prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin -
It outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting -
prohibited states from requiring payment of a poll tax as a condition for voting in federal elections -
political organization founded in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale to challenge police brutality against the African American community -
centered in urban areas to address systemic issues of poverty, discrimination, and police brutality against Native Americans