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Niagara Movement
Organization group of black academics, Founded in 1905. The Niagara Movement was led by W.E.B. Du Bois, Mary Burnett Talbert, and William Monroe Trotter.
Worked in opposition to racial discrimination, racial segregation, disenfranchisement (to being denied a right), all while supporting other African-American leaders.
I chose this photo because of W.E.B. Du Bois being a founder of the movement and J. R. Clifford, L. M. Hershaw, and F. H. M. Murray were black intellectuals. -
NAACP
The NAACP, National Association of the Advancement of Colored People, was founded in 1909 by W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells and others in New York City. Current CEO is Derrick Johnson.
It is an interracial activist group that fights for the rights of blacks and African-Americans.
I chose this photo because it shows how important this organization was at the time, how people treated of different status all recognized the within their country that needed to be fixed. -
Harry Truman's Executive Order 9981
President Harry Truman gave an executive order in 1948, declaring the end of racial discrimination/segregation in the U.S. Armed Forces.
I chose this photo because he’s greatly known for being the only world leader to use an atomic bomb in war, and I’m sure many people thought that was an effective way to fight, but now it’s criticized heavily. I wonder if the choice to integrate soldiers was considered just as controversial, especially with segregation still in use outside of the military. -
Sweatt vs. Painter
U.S. Supreme Court case that challenged an 1890 Jim Crow law of “separate but equal”.A black man applied to a university that stated only whites were allowed to attend. He was denied because of his skin color.
Exposes major flaws in “separate but equal” doctrine.
I chose this photo because I think it shows how hostile the situation might have been for a black student to attend a white university. -
Little Rock Nine
A group of nine black students being enrolled in a former all-white school.
After Brown vs. Board of Education in 1954, which stated that segregation in public school was unconstitutional. Led to the Little Rock Crisis.
I chose this photo because I think it says a lot about how the black students attending the school may have felt at the time. -
Woolworth's Sit-In
African-Americans walked into a restaurant at Woolworth in Greensboro, North Carolina and asked to be served. They were denied because of their race and were told to leave; they did not.
Greensboro sit-ins were nonviolent protests against racial discrimination as well as racial segregation. Sit-ins like this led to the eventual removal of segregation policies.
I chose this photo because I felt like it showed that the protest was meant to be peaceful. -
Freedom Riders
Activist students from the Congress of Racial Equality formed a group in which they would ride buses into segregated states in the U.S.
Wanted to challenge the Supreme Court’s ruling that buses are to be segregated.
I chose this photo because I believe it shows how good intentions don’t always have the best outcome. These participants wanted to show how laws such as segregation, weren’t necessary. It didn’t work out for them. -
Bloody Sunday - March from Selma, AL to Montgomery, AL
on March 7, 1965, about 600 activists marched peacefully on Selma Route 80 to protest for voting rights. Policemen stopped them and began to attack them with batons and tear gas. They wanted laws that protected African-American's right to vote.
The March was from Selma to Montgomery(fifty-four miles) and led by John Lewis and Hosea Williams.
I chose this photo because believe it shows how impactful this march was to a lot of people. Hundreds showed up. -
Lyndon Johnson's Executive Order 11246
36th U.S. President Lyndon Johnson of 1963-1969, gave requirements for hiring in a non-discriminatory way. It required contractors to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed and that employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, color, religion, sex or national origin."
It's considered a follow-up to Executive Order 10479 of 1953. -
Thurgood Marshall
First African American Supreme Court justice and Former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Marshall went and studied at Howard University, was a legal counsel for the NAACP, and served as Associate Justice in the Supreme Court for 24 years. Won the landmark Supreme Court case of 1954, Brown vs. Board of Education.
I chose this photo because it symbolizes an important moment in history.
