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This amendment passed in congress in 1865 which led to the end of slavery and indentured servitude. It led to the freedom of 4 million slaves who were now protected by the US constitution. -
This was an 1896 supreme court case that confirmed racial segregation in the terms of “separate but equal” saying these kinds of facilities are constitutional. This legitimized then illegal state laws of racial segregation and led to the constitutional legalization of Jim Crow Laws up until Brown v Board of Education reversed it. -
The NAACP stands for The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and was formed in 1909 by W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington, Moorfield Storey, and Ida B. Wells. The organizations main goal is to fight for equal rights between White Americans and African Americans -
The 19th amendment came from women’s efforts in contributing to the war effort as workers and volunteers while the men were fighting in WW1. This amendment gave women the right to vote. -
This Executive order was passed under Truman in 1948 where he effectively ordered the end of racial discrimination in the national government, most importantly in the armed forces. This led to a lot of changes in the life of Southern Military bases. -
This was passed under executive order 9981 as a way to limit discrimination nationally. It was mostly passed due to attitudes of freedom in the cold war. -
This case desegregated schools and was brought in in 1954. This case essentially ruled that the desegregation of schools was illegal and unconstitutional & therefore, overturned the Plessy V. Ferguson case of the “separate but equal” clause by saying those facilities are actually unequal. However, schools were not actually desegregated until the 1970s. -
In 1955 in Montgomery, the bus driver told a black woman (Rosa Parks) she had to give up her seat for white people. She resisted and was detained as a breach of segregation law which led to a large demonstration of civil rights by avoiding the busses in the city. MLK became a leader of the movement to end segregation, and this led to SCOTUS saying that the segregation laws were unconstitutional. -
This organization was created by MLK and stands for The Southern Christian Leadership Conference. It organized ministers and priests to support civil rights. Today it continues to fight for civil and political rights for African Americans. -
This was the first act of Civil Rights passed since 1875, it was passed by Congress and President Eisenhower signed into effect in 1957. The importance of the act was the establishment of the Civil Rights Section of the Judicial Department and paved the way for equal rights to vote through the use of federal courts. -
This organization stands for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and gave younger black Americans a voice in civil rights movements. These students used sit-in tactics for integration through the south but ended in 1970. -
This movement fought for Chicano rights (people of Mexican descent). It primarily advocated for cultural nationalism and wanted to end discrimination against Mexican Americans. Ceasar Chavez led this movement and led many boycotts by UFW. The organization won a federal mandate giving schools bilingual education requirements as a way to diminish discrimination. -
This speech was made in 1963 during the March on Washington by MLK which pushed for the end of racial discrimination in the south and nationally. This also sparked support for the civil rights bill. -
This amendment made the poll tax unconstitutional and illegal, which dissuaded underprivileged people from voting and especially harmed the poorer African American society. -
This was a labor act that prohibited discrimination in employment based on race, religion, sex, and color of skin. Therefore, no one could discriminate in the workplace. -
This was a peaceful voting rights march starting from Selma, Alabama to Montgomery by civil rights protestors which were met with violence from police turning the event into “bloody Sunday”. LBJ protected the protestors by sending in federal troops and led to the passing of the voting rights act of 1965. -
This resulted from the March to Montgomery event which was a voting rights march that also led to bloody Sunday. There was a national indignity that led to President Johnson sending troops to protect protestors. Congress then later passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 which prohibits racial discrimination when voting. -
A political organization founded by Bobby Seale in October 1966. Its main purpose was to fight against police brutality towards black people. They wanted to get more African Americans into office and fought much on the behalf of African American rights; however, their operations ceased to exist quickly due to much of the violent nature of their organization compared to other civil rights organizations. -
This movement started as a grassroots movement as they resisted urbanization and the push to leave reservations to protect their identity. The main idea was to improve the conditions of natives and address issues of police brutality and poverty in the Native community and led to the Indian self-determination act of 1975. -
She was the first woman who was nominated and appointed to the supreme court and served between 1986-2006. She was appointed as a conservative member under Ronald Reagan.