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LINK1896 U.S. supreme court upheld the constitutionally of segregation under the "seperate but equal" doctrine.
From an 1892 incident in which african american Homer Plessy refused to sit in a jim crow car, breaking a louisiana law.
He was brought before judge H. Ferguson of criminal court for New Orleans, who upheld the state law.
The lone dissenter, justice John Marshall Harlem, denied that a legislature could diffferentiate on the basis of race with regard to civil rights. -
LINKwas founded in 1942 as the commitee of racial equality by an interracial group of students in chicago.
Many students were members of the chicago branch of fellowship of reconciliation (FOR).
Began protests against segrigation in public accomidations by orginizing sit-ins.
April core sent eight white and eight black men into the upper south to test a supreme court ruling that declared segrigation in the interstate travel unconstitutional. -
LINK1947 when he broke baseballs color barrier to play for the Brooklyn Dodgers.
His debut inorganized baseball is a legend ( April 18, 1946, With montreal royals of international leauge, the dodgers' best farm club.) -
LINKArgued: April 4, 1950
Decided: June 5, 1950 -
LINKserved in World War II before going to work for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). After attempting to segregate the University of Mississippi Law School in 1954, he became the NAACP field secretary in Mississippi.
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LINKMarshall and the NAACP Legal defence and education fund handeled this.
A 3 judge panel at the us district court that heard the cases ruled in favor of the school boards.
Determined seperate school facilities for blacks and whites -
LINKAfrican Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama to protest segregated seating.
Dec 5, 1955 - Dec 20, 1956 -
The Montgomery Bus Boycott, in which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating, took place from December 5, 1955, to December 20, 1956,
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LINKormally called the "Declaration of Constitutional principles."
Howard Smith of Virgina introduced the southern manifesto in a speech on the house floor. -
LinkFeb 14 the organization had a meeting in new orleans and established an execuitive board of directors.
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LINKKnown for desegregation of public schools in the U.s.
9 African American students persistance in attending the formally all-white central high school. -
LINKNon violents protest by African american students at a segeragated woolworths lunch counter in Greensboro.
Students from north Carolina. -
LINKGroup of thirteen African americans and White Civil Activists launched the freedom rides.
Series of bus trips through the American south to protest segregation in the interstate bus terminals. -
LINKThe Twenty-Fourth Amendment, ratified on January 23, 1964, was passed to address one particular injustice that prevented numerous citizens from voting—the poll tax, that is, a state fee on voting.
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LINKA civil rights activist who became the first African American to attend the University of Mississippi in 1962.
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LINKThe March on Washington represented a coalition of several civil rights organizations
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LINKOn September 15, a bomb exploded before Sunday morning services at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama–a church with a predominantly black congregation that served as a meeting place for civil rights leaders.
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LINKformed to give younger blacks more of a voice ( mid 1960's)
popularized the term black power to characterize gthe new tactics and goals. -
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In 1964, civil rights organizations including the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) and Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) organized a voter registration drive, known as the Mississippi Summer Project, or Freedom Summer, aimed at dramatically increasing voter registration in Mississippi. The Freedom Summer, comprised of black Mississspians and more than 1,000 out-of-state, white volunteers -
LINKThe Civil Rights Act of 1964, which ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement.
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LINKIn New York City, African American nationalist and religious leader, is assassinated by rival Black Muslims while addressing his Organization of Afro-American Unity at the Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights.
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LINKIn early 1965, Martin Luther King Jr.’s Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) made Selma, Alabama, the focus to register black voters in the South. That March, protesters attempting to march from Selma to the state capital of Montgomery were met with violence by state and local authorities.
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LINKThis act was signed into law on August 6, 1965, by President Lyndon Johnson.
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The formation of the Panthers was the direct result of the development of the civil rights movement which had already been in full swing for more than a decade before they were created. -
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LINKKing had led the civil rights movement since the mid-1950s, using a combination of powerful words and non-violent tactics such as sit-ins, boycotts and protest marches (including the massive March on Washington in 1963) to fight segregation and achieve significant civil and voting rights advances for African Americans.
