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The American Civil War lasted from 1861 to 1865 in the United States, which was battled between northern states loyal to the Union and southern states that had seceded to create the Confederate States of America.
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Slavery and forced servitude were abolished by the Thirteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution, except as punishment for a felony. -
The period after the American Civil War in which efforts were made to correct the inequities of slavery and its political, social, and economic legacy, as well as to resolve the issues resulting from the readmission to the Union of the 11 states that had seceded at or before the outbreak of the war,
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The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which was adopted in 1868, gave citizenship to all individuals born or naturalized in the United States, including former slaves, and promised “equal treatment of the laws” to all residents. -
The federal government and each state are prohibited by the United States Constitution's Fifteenth Amendment from denying a person the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, colour, or previous condition of servitude." -
Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. -
The seminal ruling of the United States Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson, affirmed the constitutionality of racial segregation rules for public buildings as long as the separated facilities were of equal nature, a doctrine recognized as "separate but equal." -
Rosa Parks is jailed for refusing to give up her seat on a public bus to a white man, a violation of the city's racial segregation laws. -
The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and a social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation -
this act outlawed segregation in public areas and granted the federal government power to fight black disfranchisement. -
The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas. -
Artists began using the walls of city buildings, housing projects, schools, and churches to depict Mexican-American culture. -
Kennedy's (E.O.) used affirmative action for the first time by instructing federal contractors to take "affirmative action to ensure that applicants are treated equally without regard to race, color, religion, sex, or national origin." -
George Wallace, stood at the door of the auditorium as if to block the entry of two African American students: Vivian Malone and James Hood. -
The Feminine Mystique is a book by Betty Friedan that is widely credited with sparking the beginning of second-wave feminism in the United States. -
The purpose of the march was to advocate for the civil and economic rights of African Americans. -
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The Twenty-fourth Amendment prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. -
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