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The Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. Many southern political leaders claimed the desegregation decision violated the rights of the states to manage their systems of public education, and they responded with defiance, legal challenges delays or token compliance.
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Fewer than 10 percent of black children in the South were attending unified schools. The pace of civil rights protests rose sharply in response to the Supreme court's decisions. Martin Luther King Jr. led a boycott that ended segregated busing in Montgomery, Alabama.
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National Guard troops took orders from President Dwight D. Eisenhower to enforced the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas. But, after Little Rock, school integration was painfully slow, and segregation in general remained largely untouched.
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A presidential campaign, civil rights had emerged as a crucial issue. Just a few weeks before the election, Martin Luther King Jr., was arrested while leading a protest in Atlanta, Georgia. John Kennedy called Coretta Scott King to tell him how he felt while a call from Robert Kennedy to the judge helped secure her husband's safe rescue.
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Freedom riders were arrested in North Carolina and beaten in South Carolina. In Alabama, a bus was burned and the riders attacked with baseball bats and tire irons. The groups were acting wild and they even arrested officers and horrific violence from white protestors along with their routes, but also drew international attention to their cause.
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John F Kennedy was the youngest man elected to the office. On November 22, 1963, when he hardly past his first thousand days in office, JFK was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, becoming also the youngest president to die. When he became president everything changed for the Civil Rights.
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The goal of the campaign was to attack the city’s segregation system by putting pressure on Birmingham’s merchants during the Easter season, the second biggest shopping season of the year. When that campaign stalled, the ACMHR asked SCLC to help.
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More than 200,000 Americans celebrated the 100th annerversary of the Emancipation Proclamation by joining the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.
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President Kennedy was assassinated. The bill was left in the hands of Lyndon B. Johnson. Before becoming vice president, Johnson had served more than two decades in Congress as a congressman and senator from Texas. This changed everything when he was killed because Kennedy's assassination slowed down the growth of the monument of the Civil Right movement.
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The Civil Rights Movement's initial goal: everyone gets treated equally. Outlawing fairness in employment in any business overtake 25 people and creating an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to review complaints.
