-
Jim Crow Laws(1880's-1960's)
Everyday items such as bathrooms, fountains, schools, churches, parks, etc. were mandated by if you were white or colored. Signs would say "White women restroom to the left, colored women restroom to the right". Separate but equal was the coined phrase with the Jim Crow laws. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/freedom-riders-jim-crow-laws/ -
NAACP
Founded on February 12, 1909, by W. E. B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells, Mary White Ovington, and many more. Created in order to maintain the political, and social equality in Colored people as well as whites. "The mission of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate race-based discrimination."
https://www.naacp.org/about-us/
https://www.naacp.org/ -
Malcolm X (1925-1965)
Malcolm X was the public voice of the Black Muslim faith, he had changed his last name from Little to X to be 'rid of slave name'. He had urged his followers to defend themselves against white aggression “by any means necessary."
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/malcolm-x -
Martin Luther King Jr.(January 15, 1929 to April 4, 1968)
Martin Luther King Jr. is the most known civil rights movement leader knwon today. He was a spokesperson for nonviolet protests. He was arrtested over 20 times, and his house had been bombed. He was fatally shot on April 4 in 1968. -
C.O.R.E.(1942)
C.O.R.E. which stands for Congress of Racial Equality, was formed in order to improve relationships between races, and put an end to discrimnatiom in poloicies.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Congress-of-Racial-Equality -
Brown v. Board of Education:
In 1954, a case came to be when Oliver Brown filed a suit against the Board of Education in 1951, after his daughter, Linda Brown, was denied entrance to an all-white elementary school. In 1954, Warren wrote that “in the field of public education the idea of ‘separate but equal’ has no place,” as segregated schools are “unequal."
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka -
SCLC(1957)
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was created on January 10-11, 1957, when sixty black ministers and civil rights leaders met in Atlanta, Georgia in an effort to replicate the successful strategy and tactics of the recently concluded Montgomery, Alabama bus boycott.
http://nationalsclc.org/about-us/history/ -
The Little Rock Nine:(1957)
The little rock nine were nine black students who enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in September 1957. Their attendance at the school was a test of Brown v. Board of Education, a landmark 1954 Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
http://www.blackpast.org/aah/little-rock-crisis-1957 -
Greensboro Woolworth Sit-ins(: February 1 – July 25, 1960)
The Greensboro sit-in started in 1960, when young African-American students staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, and refused to leave after being denied service.
http://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/6-legacy/freedom-struggle-2.html -
SNCC(April 1960 to 1976)
The SNCC was a Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, that followed after the Greensboro sit-in. The SNCC only had a small amount of success, so they had expanded its focus to support local efforts in voter registration as well as public accommodations desegregation.
https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/civil-rights-act/civil-rights-era.html -
JFK's Role in the Civil Rights Movement
JFK was in support of the civil rights movement, as he had placed an unprecedented number of African Americans to high-level positions in the administration and strengthened the Civil Rights Commission. He spoke out in favor of school desegregation, praised a number of cities for integrating their schools.
https://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/Civil-Rights-Movement.aspx -
James Meredith and Ole Miss
James Meredith became the first African American student admitted to a segregated University of Mississippi.
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/ole-miss-integration -
Lyndon B. Johnson's Role in the Civil Rights Movement
Lyndon B. Johnson's was hugely active in the civil rights movement. He had the immediate passage of civil rights legislation. President Johnson pushed through more civil rights legislation than all presidents before him as well as after and it was he who signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
http://www.crf-usa.org/black-history-month/the-civil-rights-act-of-1964 -
24th Amendment
The 24th amendment that had prohibited states from requiring any form of a poll tax as a condition for voting in federal elections. It was a major event because it ended the use of a tool that caused African Americans in the South.
https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendments/amendment-xxiv -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil rights act banned employment discrimination on the basis of a person's race, color, religion, sex or nationality and it also granted the federal government power to fight black disfranchisement.
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-act -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The voting act of 1965 was created in order to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels. It outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states.
https://civilrights.findlaw.com/other-constitutional-rights/the-voting-rights-act-of-1965-overview.html -
Black Power and Stokely Carmichael
Stokely Carmichael was the head of SNCC, he had urged giving up peaceful demonstrations and pursuing black power which was a social movement that called for African American Power and independence.
https://www.biography.com/people/stokely-carmichael-9238629 -
Black Panthers and Huey Newton
Huey Newton had founded the Black Panthers. Their goal was to establish in order to promote black power, civil rights, and self defense. The goal was to aggressively bring the reality of racism, discrimination, and lack of opportunity for Blacks to a national agenda.
http://blackpower.web.unc.edu/2017/04/the-founders-of-the-black-panther-party-huey-p-newton-and-bobby-seale/ -
Kerner Commission
The Kerner Commission was in order to investigate the causes of riots. It blames the riots on a mixture of poverty, slum housing, poor education, and police brutality caused by "white racism". It tells the government to spend money on improving housing, and jobs for African Americans.
http://www.blackpast.org/primary/national-advisory-commission-civil-disorders-kerner-report-1967 -
Assassination of MLK, Jr
One of the saddest days in history was the assassination of MLK, Jr. MLK Jr. was shot from the balcony of his motel in Memphis, Tennessee. He was killed by a man named James Earl Ray and even though he did not die immediately he passed away not long after being wounded. His death majorly impacted America as the most prominent civil rights leader King's death led to an outpouring of anger among black Americans.
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/martin-luther-king-jr-assassination
