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Passenger trains law
Law that required passenger trains operating within the state to create "equal but seperate" accomodations. -
Period: to
Civil Rights Movement 1950-1970
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School Segregation (also 1954)
Who: Linda Brown's father
Where: Topeka, Kansas and Washington D.C.
What: Her father sues the school board, the U.S. Supreme courts agrees to hear the case. The supreme court decides Brown v. Board of education on May 17 argueing that "seperate but equal" schools are inherently unequal. The decision declares legal school segregation unconstitutional. -
Murder of Emmett Till
Who: Emmett Till
Where: Money, Mississippi
What: Whistled at a white lady and so he was killed, coffin was left open to see what was done to her son, all white jury at the court, and murderers were not found guilty. -
Bus segregation (Rosa Parks)
Who: Montgomery "Bus Boycott"/ Rosa Parks
Where: Montgomery, Alabama Whole Street Baptist Church
What: A protest, angered at Emmet Till, refused to give up her seat to a white man, parks was arrested, Rosa Parks was respected by blacks so parked indignation, Martin Luther King Jr. said "I aint gettin on until Jim Crow gets off", city buses basically ran empty, blacks walked and stopped riding buses for 31 days straight, and eventually segregation on buses stopped. -
Integration of Little Rock Highschool
Where: Little Rock Highschool
What A battle (segregation in schools), stood between 9 blacks and all white highschool, 9 black children were harassed by the mob, 1 black child made it to safety, September 25th Airborne division came to enforce non-segregation in schools, "Everyday was like going to war", said 9 students. -
Lunch Counter "Sit-Ins"
Where: Colleges
What: Segregated lunch counters that refused to serve African-Americans, concerns of what could happen, "You become evolved in curcumstances of others", and commited to non-violence. -
BIrmingham, Alabama: Demonstrations
When: (summer/fall)
What: "Boycott, march, and protest", Martin Luther King was arrested, everybody was protesting. -
Freedom Rides
Where: Birmingham/Montgomery
What: 2 groups left Washington by bus to call to the attention ofthe coutnry violation of anti-descrimination laws in interstate travel, young bright, attractive, students they knew they were subject to be illed, suffered intimidation, "bodies became living witnesses", beat people who rode the bus, punctured some of the tires so they would go flat (also set a bus on fire). -
Ole Miss and James Merideth
Who: James Merideth
Where: Mississippi
What: University of Mississippi must admit African-Americans but Ross Barnett (governor of Mississippi) prevents Merideth from attending Ole Miss's campus. Merideth eventually gets in and is the first black student to attend after Kennedy sens U.S. Marshalls to ensure his safety. -
Letter from Birmingham Jail
When: Good Friday
Where: Birmingham, Alabama
What: Martin Luther responded to white clergy men critisizing him for going too far too fast, stated "When youare haunted by day and haunted by night because you are negro, your first name becomes nigger, you watch your black family get beat, and even killed, then you you wil understand why we protest." -
Bombing of 16th Baptist Church
When: Sunday morning 10:22 A.M.
Where: church
What: A group of girls were getting done choir (they were not marchers, sitinners, just there to go to church), a bomb was thrown at them, bodies ad clothes lied everywhere, and the bomb was set by the Ku Klux Klan. -
Murder of Civil Rights Workers
Where: Philedelphia Mississippi
What: 3 workers were held by Shoba county deputy police for speeding, Michael Shwerner was noticed as an outsider (social worker), James Chaney-native (son of a maid), Andrew Goodman-participated in Civil Rights Protests-from New York, followed by 2 cars and was boxed in and pushed off the road crashed and then the were shot to death. When searching for bodies hundreds more were found that had been dumped from previous murders. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Who: congress
Where: Washington D.C.
What: Congress passes the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which bans descrimination in employment and in public places. -
Voting Rights Actions: Regristration Drive
Where: North Mississippi
What: Hundreds of students from the north traveled back roads of Mississippi, Come to help blacks register to vote, blacks were cared to try to vote becasue they didn't want their houses burned down or worse, did not want people to be angry with them, it was very dangerous for a black to try to vote, but thousands of blacks risked their lives to vote, most times the people threw the application in the trash can, application was 4-5 pages long. -
Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson
Where: Selma, Alabama (Miriam a neighboring town)
What: Police arrested 700 black children for marching, jprayer meeting was held in Baptist Church, JImmie tried to prevent his mother/grandmother fom getting beaten and was beat and shot, they continued to beat him as he ran away, and he was only 26 years old nd was very well like by the community. -
Voting Right March
When: 14 days after bloody sunday
What: New voting Rights Act ordered federal troops to watch over march, blacks/whites/jews/poor/rich, coming together of the best of America, street was packed with people, and the fight for voting rights was finally over, it was a new beginning for African-Americans. -
interracial marriage
Who: Supreme court
Where: Washington D.C.
What: Decision in Loving v. Virgian, striking down laws against interracial marriage as unconstitutional. -
African American in the Supreme Court
Who: Thurgood Marshall
Where: Supreme Court
What: Marshall becomes the first black appointed to the supreme court. -
assassination of Marin Luther King Jr.
Who: Martin Luther King Jr.
Where: Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee.
What: Martin Luther was assassinated on the balcony of hotel room -
Fred Hampton murder
Who: Fred Hampton (chairman of the Illinois Black Panther Party)
What: Federal Grand Jury refutes the police's assertion that they fired upon Hampton only in self-defense, but no one is ever indicted for Hampton's killing. -
Bloody Sunday
Where: Selma to Alabama
What: Most ambitious protest, walked 54 miles to hte state house in Montogomery to demand their problems to the governor, police stopped them from marching at the bridge, they told them to go home or go to their church, were beaten all the way back, and the entire road was covered in blood.
