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C.O.R.E
A civil rights organization that played an important role for African Americans during the Civil Rights movement. C.OR.E. helped out with the Freedom Riders, March on Washington, and the desegregation of schools in Chicago. -
Brown Vs. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education was a groundbreaking court case that reversed the ruling previously said in the Plessy v. Ferguson court case. The new ruling stated that separate but equal facilities were unconstitutional. This can was the start of the civil rights movement in the 1960’s. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
In 1955, a woman known as Rosa Parks was arrested because she refused to give up her bus seat to white women. This incident led to the start of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Most, if not all, the African Americans participated by not using the busses. -
Little Rock Nine
Due to the Brown v. Board of Education ruling, high schools were starting to become integrated. In Little Rock, Arkansas, the governor, Orval Faubus was extremely against the integration. 9 African American students were to go to Central High school. Orval sent in the National Guard to keep them out. The following day, Eisenhower sent in the U.S. army to protect the students. -
Greensboro Sit-In
Four college students held the first “sit-ins” in a Woolworths store because they weren’t served food because they were African American. Later on, this spread throughout the southern states and more people started attending the sit-ins. -
Freedom Riders
The Freedom Riders were 7 African Americans and 6 Whites got on public busses and went from Washington D.C. to the deep south. They were continuously given threats and physical abuse. This caught national attention and inspired others to join the Freedom Riders -
Albany Movement
A desegregation group formed in Albany, Georgia by the SNCC and NAACP. Later on in the movement, Dr. King and SCLC got involved too. The Albany Movement managed to mobilize thousands of supporters, even gaining national attention, but failed because of the people they were facing. -
Voter Education Project (VEP)
The Voter Education Project, otherwise known as the VEP, raised and distributed foundation funds to civil rights organizations for voter education and registration work in the American South. The project was endorsed by the Kennedy administration in hopes that the organizations of the civil rights movement would shift their focus away from demonstrations and more towards the support of voter registration. -
Executive Order 11063
This order was signed by President John F. Kennedy. It prohibited discrimination while selling, leasing, giving rent or anything of the sort to a federal facility or provided by federal funds. Essentially, it banned segregation in federally funded housing. -
Birmingham, Alabama
Birmingham was where Martin Luther King was arrested because he was leading a march. Because adults didn’t want to get arrested (afraid of losing jobs, money, etc) King urged the children and students to march in their place. Chief of police, Bull Connor, reacted by using fire hoses and dogs. -
March on Washington
The March on Washington was led by the SCLC, CORE, and the SNCC. The march started in Birmingham and went all the way to Washington DC. At the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, Martin Luther King gave his famous, “I have a dream” speech. -
24th Amendment
The 24th amendment made it so that federal institutions cannot put a tax on polls (voting polls). -
Voting Rights Act
The Voting Rights Act was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson. The act was aimed to outlaw literacy tests, which most Southern states made their residents take in order to vote. -
Black Power
An ideology that originated during the Civil Rights movement. “Black Power” was about defense against racial oppression, to the establishment of social institutions and a self-sufficient economy. -
Black Panther Party
The Black Panther Party was a revolutionist movement which started in 1966. They had a very different outlook on the fight for civil rights compared to King’s peaceful, nonviolent protests, the Black Panthers were violent, even calling upon an armed revolution for blacks
