-
White Primary is aboulished in GA
White Primary was used in Georgia in the Democratic party. It basically excluded Black people from voting, This kept them out of the election which figured out who would hold office in a state. White Primary was abolished by the US Supreme Court that ruled it unconstitutional. This led to the case Smith vs. Allwright. Primus King was a protester who was registering and trying to vote. The courthouse had to turn him away because of his skin color. http://tw0.us/RH -
Integration of the Armed Forces
Harry S. Truman was the one to sign the order. He wanted the troops to stop segregation. In July of 1948, Truman started the Executive Order 9981. This told the military to stop the descrimination of blacks. The 3 Factors that started integration would be the need for racial tension going on in the military needed to be slowed or stopped, everyone would realize the segregation in the US and their popularity would get cut in the Cold War, also, they would need all the power to win the Korean War -
Brown vs. Board of Education
This was started by Oliverr Brown in Topeka, Kansas. It overturned the Plessy vs. Ferguson decision of 1896. The decsion allowed segregation that is sponsored by the state. The lawsuit filed by Brown asked the school districts to end their segregation policy. The supreme court said it violated the 14th amendment. Some didn't accept the decision, a Virgina senator started Massive resistance. This closed schools instead of having them segregated. -
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks was involved in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. She was participating in a social protest capaign in AL. She was trying to stop the cities policies of segregation on the city's public transit system. Rosa Parks was on the bus when she was asked to get up out of her seat for a white man, She was arrested, but freed soon after. This ended on Dec 20th, 1956 when the supreme court ruled AL's law of segregation unconstituional. After, Blacks could sit wherever. MLK ended with a victory speech. -
Change to GA's state flag
People, including John Bell, who was chairman in the Democratic party in Georgia, had given the idea of a new flag. He wanted to include the Confederate Battle flag. There was diagonal blue bars going to each corner of the flag with 13 stars in them. It has a red background. The flags were made in memorial to the confederate soldiers and anyone else who helped in the Civil War. The state seal was also included in the flag. -
Crisis @ Central High School & "Little Rock Nine"
The crisis started because of Segregation at a Little Rock high school in Arkansas. African American students were prevented from coming into the school. The Arkansas National Guard was called in & President Eisenhower sends the 101st Airborne Divison from the Army to keep the Blacks safe. The 9 were: Elizabeth Eckford, Jefferson Thomas, Terrence Roberts, Carlotta W. LaNier, Minnijean Brown, Gloria R. Karlmark, Thelma Mothershed, and Melba P. Beals. They were taunted by Whites the whole year. -
Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in ATL bombed
The reform Jewish temple known as "The Temple" was bombed with 50 sticks of dynamite. It was bombed because of Rabbi Jacob Rothschild's integration and Civil Rights support. Rothsichild was insisting of integration of races. The people of the Temple recieved a call telling them it was going to be bombed, but thought nothing of it. There was a hole blown in the North side of the building. A white separist group for the National State's rights party were put in trial and aquitted. -
Sibley Commission
In the state of Georgia, the school systems did not approve of desegregation. It was so bad that the General Assembly got to vote in 1955 to stop funding any system that supported integration. The goveror, Ernest Vandiver promised to keep the schools segregated. Banker/Lawyer, John Sibley, was head of the 14 member commission that decided to travel and hear people's thoughts on integration.The people said they would rather close the schools than integrate them. Therefore, private schools opened. -
Integration of the University of Georgia
On the 6th of January, the University of Georgia with the help of Ernest Vandiver, let its first 2 black stduents into the school by state patrol officers. One student, Charlayne Hunter, graduated from the Henry W. Grady school of Journalism. Another black student, Hamilton Holmes, graduated with honors ad became an orthopedic surgeon in Atlanta. Many asked Vandiver to close the school than have blacks enrolled. He made Georgians angry but he still left doors open for blacks to enter the schools -
Freedom Riders
The Freedom Rides began on May 4th, led by the director of the Congress of Racial Equality, James Farmer. The protest left from Washington DC, and was planned to arrive in New Orleans, Louisiana. The people involved were protesting segregation. There were 13 riders, 6 were white and 7 were black. They would put a white person next to a black person on the bus. They never made it to their destination but they made Pres. Kennedy to take a stand. He outlawed segregation on busses. -
Albany Movement
This happened in the small, Black town of Albany, Georgia on November 1st. Workers of the NAACP and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Comittee decided to sit in the White's only section at an Albany bus station. They were shortly arrested. The movement was led by Dr.William Anderson. Freedom riders came to help with the Albany Movement. An organizer of the SNCC led a march with high school students. They were arrested and put into jail. During the protets 500 people were in jail or out on bond -
Birmingham, AL protests
In spring of 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. started a campaign to end discrimination in the city life of Birmingham, Alabama. On tv the protests were being shown with people getting sprayed with high-pressure fire hoses. The protestors were also controlled by police attack dogs. 3000 people along with Dr. King were arrested. -
March on Washington DC
This march was one of the biggest political protests for Human rights ever in the United States. The point of the protest was to gain Civil and economic rights for African Americans. The march was held in Washington DC. Martin Luther King gave his speech called "I have a dream" there. There were over 300,000 that attended. This march helped with the Civil and Voting rights acts of 1964 and 1965. -
16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham bombed
In the early morning hours on Sunday September 15th, the Ku Klux Klan struck the Alabama Baptist church. There were four girls in the church getting ready for the Sunday service, and this ended up killing every one of them. -
John F. Kennedy assassinated
On a Friday afternoon, on November 27th, President Kennedy and his wife Jaqueline were riding in their presidential motorcade in downtown Dallas, Texas when Kennedy was shot. The shooter was Lee Harvey Oswald. After a short time in the emergency room, Kennedy is pronounced dead and Lyndon B. Johnson took over. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
President John Kennedy had started the act before his assaissination. This tried to stop segregation with African Americans and women. It ended the segregation happening in the schools, where adults worked, and public places. This was signed by Lyndon Johnson. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965 Passed
This was started because of the problems with African American voters.Congress mean't for the Act to make the people pass a literacy test in order to vote. Because the black people had not gotten as much schooling, they wouldn't pass the literacy tests, therefore not being able to vote. This was signed by Lydon Johnson who had also signed the Civil Rights act. -
Summerhill Race Riot (Atlanta)
In the neighboorhood of Summerhill which was probably one of the biggest and wealthiest neighboorhoods in GA, police shot and killed an African American man. People of the neighboorhood joined together to begin the Summerhill Neighboorhood Association. -
MLK Assassination
While staying in the Lorraine Hotel in Memphis, Tennesee, Martin Luther King was shot. The bullet had entered Dr. King's cheek, into his jaw, and got to the jugular vein and arteries in his neck. King was supposed to participate in the protest to stop unequal wages and to improve the working conditions with a close friend Ralph Abernathy. -
Integration of GA schools
In 1970, President Richard Nixon told the country that he was not going to handle anything to do with segregation. He said he would leave it up to the courts. By that time, colleges were letting African Americans in. With segregation ending there were some segregated schools but many had been integrated.
