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Decided in 1857, said that African Americans were not us citizens and couldn’t sue in federal court, also said congress lacked the power to ban slavery. -
The 1865 ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment was a transformative moment in American history. The first Section's declaration that “neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist” had the immediate and powerful effect of abolishing chattel slavery in the southern United States.
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The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1868, granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States including former enslaved people and guaranteed all citizens equal protection of the laws.
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The purpose of the 15th Amendment was to ensure that states or communities were not denying men the right to vote simply based on their race, such as black codes that limited African-American social and working rights. Allows every man to vote without discrimination.
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1896, courts ruled that separating African Americans and whites was constitutional because of “separate but equal”. Although they were separated everything was the same, even if technically that wasn’t true.
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The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. -
Ruled that it was unconstitutional to segregate schools, even if they were equal.
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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex, as well as, race in hiring, promoting, and firing. -
Made it illegal to give out literacy tests to people in order to refuse to let them vote. Every person would now be able to vote without issue. -
Ruled that administrators of estates could not be named if it discriminated against gender. -
Forbids any discrimination against women in education and activities funded federally. -
Universities couldn’t use racial quotas in the admission process, but it could use affirmative action to accept minority students in some cases.
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Was signed into law to protect people with disabilities against discrimination in employment, transportation, state programs, etc. -
Supreme court ruled 5-4 that same sex couples could marry because of the 14th amendment. This was passed in 2015
