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!3th Amendment
On December 6, 1865, the 13th amendment was ratified. It abolished slavery in the United States. -
14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment was adopted on July 9, 1868. The amendment addressed citizenship rights and equal protection. The laws issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. -
15th Amentment
The 15th Amendment was ratified to the United States in 1870
It makes it so the federal and state governments are from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's race, color, or previous condition of servitude. -
Jim Crow Laws
In 1887 Jim Crow laws mandated the segregation of public schools, public places and public transportation, and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains for whites and blacks. Even the U.S. Military was segreated in 1865. The United States continued to force in 1965. -
Poll Taxes
Poll taxes enacted in Southern states between 1889 and 1910 had the effect of disenfranchising many blacks as well as poor whites, because payment of the tax was a prerequisite for voting. The tax emerged in some states of the United States in the late 19th century as part of the Jim Crow laws, Which allowed any adult male whose father or grandfather had voted in a specific year prior to the abolition of slavery to vote without paying the tax. -
Literacy Tests
A literacy test, in the context of American political history from the 1890s to the 1960s, refers to state government practices of administering tests to prospective voters purportedly to test their literacy in order to vote. In practice, these tests were intended to disenfranchise African-Americans. The literacy test was a device to restrict the total number of immigrants while not offending the large element of ethnic voters. The 1896 Republican platform called for a literacy test. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
The case of Plessy v. Ferguson was a landmark of the United States Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal. On June 7, 1892, Plessy bought a first-class ticket at the Press Street Depot and boarded a "whites only" car, even though he even really black. He was required to sit in a "colored only" car. -
19th Amendment
The amendment got passed by Congress June 4, 1919, and was ratified on August 18, 1920. The 19th amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote. Achieving this milestone required a lengthy and difficult struggle; victory took decades of agitation and protest. -
Equal Rights Amendment
The equal rights amendment allows women to have the same rights as men. Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex. It needed 38 states for it to be in the Constitution, which it was only approved by 35 states. -
Sweatt v. Painter
The case involved a black man, Heman Marion Sweatt, who was refused admission to the School of Law of the University of Texas, whose president was Theophilus Painter, on the grounds that the Texas State Constitution prohibited integrated education. The case involved a black man, Heman Marion Sweatt, who was refused admission to the School of Law of the University of Texas, whose president was Theophilus Painter, on the grounds that the Texas State Constitution prohibited integrated education. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.On May 17, 1954, the Warren Court's unanimous (9–0) decision stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." This ruling paved the way for integration and was a major victory of the civil rights movement. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott, a seminal event in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. Rosa Parks didn't want to move out of your seat on bus for a white man. She was told to got to the back were no air got to the bus. and that's where all the black people had to seat when white people got on the bus. -
Affirrmative Action
Affirmative action or positive discrimination is the policy of favoring members of a disadvantaged group who are perceived to suffer from discrimination within a culture. The nature of positive discrimination policies varies from region to region. Some countries, such as India, use a quota system, whereby a certain percentage of jobs or school vacancies must be set aside for members of a certain group. -
24th Amendment
On January 23, 1964, the United States ratified the 24th Amendment to the Constitution. It makes it so now it doesn't cost to vote. Instead of some states having a fee. No one has a fee. -
Civil Rights Act of !964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was enacted on July 2, 1964, it's a landmark piece of civil rights legislation in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Powers given to enforce the act were initially weak, but were supplemented during later years. The Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson during the height of the American Civil Rights Movement on August 6, 1965. Designed to enforce the voting rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. -
RFK Speech in Indy upon death of MLK
RFK tells the people of Indianpolis that MLK was shot and killed in Memphis, Tennessee. Martin Luther King dedicated his life to love and to justice between fellow human beings. We can move in that direction as a country, in greater polarization -- black people amongst blacks, and white amongst whites, filled with hatred toward one another. -
Reed v. Reed
The case of Reed v.Reed was an Equal Protection case in the United States in which the Supreme Court ruled that the administrators of estates cannot be named in a way that discriminates between sexes. Sally and Cecil Reed, a married couple who had separated, were there was a conflict over which of them designate as administrator of the estate of their deceased son. Supreme Court considered the case and delivered a unanimous decision that held the Idaho Code's preference in favor of males. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Allan Bakke, a thirty-five-year-old white man, had twice applied for admission to the University of California Medical School at Davis. He was rejected both times. The school reserved sixteen places in each entering class of one hundred for "qualified" minorities, as part of the university's affirmative action program, in an effort to redress longstanding, unfair minority exclusions from the medical profession. Bakke contended, first in the California courts. -
Bowers v.Hardwick
United States Supreme Court decision, overturned in 2003, that upheld, in a 5–4 ruling, the constitutionality of a Georgia sodomy law criminalizing oral and anal sex in private between consenting adults when applied to homosexuals. A concurring opinion by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger cited the "ancient roots" of prohibitions against homosexual sex, quoting William Blackstone's description of homosexual sex. -
American with Disabilities Act
Americans With Disabilities Act also known as ADA. Legislation passed in 1990 that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities. Under this Act, discrimination against a disabled person is illegal in employment, transportation, public accommodations, communications and government activities. People at are define as ADA have physical or mental impairment. ADA doesn't cover all impairment. -
Lawrence v. Texas
(2003) is a decision by the United States Supreme Court. In the 6–3 ruling the Court struck down the sodomy law in Texas and, by extension, invalidated sodomy laws in 13 other states, making same-sex sexual activity legal in every U.S. state and territory. The Court held that intimate consensual sexual conduct was part of the liberty protected by substantive due process under the 14th Amendment. The case attracted much public attention. -
Fisher v. Texas
Case concerning the affirmative action admissions policy of the University of Texas at Austin. The Court's ruling in Fisher took Grutter and Bakke as given and did not directly revisit the constitutionality of using race as a factor in college admissions. The United States District Court heard Fisher v. University of Texas in 2009 and upheld the legality of the University's admission policy in a summary judgment. -
Indiana's gay rights court battle
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit granted the Indiana attorney general's request for a stay on Judge Richard Young's order that struck down the state's ban on gay marriage. Read the document here. The U.S. 7th Circuit Court of Appeals has ordered the state to recognize the same-sex marriage of one Hoosier couple. The decision marks the latest development in a week of court rulings that legalized same-sex marriage in Indiana before banning it again three days later. -
Korenmatsu v. Undited States
A case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of citizenship. In a 6–3 decision, the Court sided with the government, ruling that the exclusion order was constitutional. Six of eight Roosevelt appointees sided with Roosevelt. Justice Hugo Black, held that the need to protect against espionage outweighed Fred Korematsu's individual rights, and the rights of Americans of Japanese descent.
