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A black person who was sold as a slave, whether they are enslaved at the time or not, was not labeled as an American citizen and therefore could not sue in federal court.
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This was the era of rebuilding the south after the Civil War. The purpose of it was to help the South become a part of the union again.
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Abolished Slavery
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Established Citizenship - The first attempt at figuring out if African Americans were citizens of the United States
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Made it so African Americans could vote (did not allow the government to discriminate against people when they go to vote based on race)
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laws that enforced the separation of people based on race
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Established the 'Separate but Equal' Clause
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Gave men and equal voting rights. It did not allow the government to deny you the right to vote based on account of sex.
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Nine African American Boys falsely accused in Alabama of raping two white women on a train.
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George Stinney was an African American 14-year-old boy convicted of murdering two girls and was illegally given the death sentence by electric chair.
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Oliver Brown sued against the board of education in their city after his daughter was denied the entrance to an all-white elementary school. He claimed that the schools for black children were not equal - therefore it violated the so-called “equal protection clause.”
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Outlawed discrimination based on color, race, religion, sex, or national origin. It prohibited the unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, employment, and public accommodations.
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Outlawed discriminatory voting practices. Did not allow the government to restrict people from voting just because they were apart of a minority - poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clause
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prohibited the government from selling or renting property to a person based on race, color, religion, or national origin.
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Bakke was denied access to medical school that had admitted black candidates with weaker academic credentials. Bakke said he was a victim of racial discrimination. The supreme court ruled that the university's use of racial "quotas" was unconstitutional.
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The decision in Gratz V. Bollinger permitted the use of racial of racial preference to in students admissions in order to promote racial diversity on campus.
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Jefferson School Districts Enrollment Plan was declared unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment. The Enrollment Plan said that each school's student population would be between 15% and 50% African American.
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Declared that section 4 of the voting rights act is unconstitutional