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Emperor Guangxu attempted to install various reforms into China, with the help of Kang Youwei. However, Empress Dowager Cixi and her allies ended these reforms after 103 days. Placing the Emperor under house arrest, and telling the public that he was fatally ill.
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A group called 'The Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists' often referred to as 'the Boxers' launched an attack on western culture in China, this included any foreigners. This was done as an attempt to preserve ancient Chinese culture. Cixi sided with the Boxers after initial doubt. The foreign forces prevailed in the end and caused the Empress Dowager and Guangxu to sign the Boxer protocol, and to flee from Beijing to the Shaanxi province.
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After their defeat in the Boxer Uprising Cixi and her allies decided that China needed reforms. These new reforms greatly resembled that of the reforms included in the 100 days reform.
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On the 14th of November 1908 Emperor Guangxu was found dead, it was said that he died of 'natural causes'. It was later discovered that he had a large amount of poison in his body, whcih implies that he was posioned. Empress Dowager Cixi died the next day on the 15th of November. Power was left in the hands of Cixi's three year old grandnephew Pu Yi, with Prince Chun as regent.
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The united forces of the New Army and the Tongmenghui being an uprising over the Qing Dynasty. Yuan Shikai, former ally to Cixi, betrayed her and begins working with Sun Yat-Sen. Together they defeat the Qing and overthrow them. The Qing are allowed to remain within Beijing.
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Sun Yat-Sen is the new provisional President of Republican China, with Li Yuanhong becoming Vice President.
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Following Sun Yat-Sen's stepping down on the 14th of Feburary, Yuan Shikai takes his place as leader on the 10th of March.
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The more intellectual population of china begin a 'flow of intellectual energy', this being a series of changing of educational ideas and mindsets.
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Japan offers Yuan Shikai a set of twenty one demands in return for the debts that he owes them. Yuan Shikai refuses some of these demands but accepts most. Yuan accepts the economic conditions, which a 'day of shame' is then established pn the 4th of May.
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On this date Yuan Shikai declares himself the new Emperor of China, with absolutely no support for his claim to the throne, he retracts it on the 22nd of March 1916
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Yuan Shikai dies of kidney failure.
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The first Chinese Communist party is formed. Chen Duxin is elected as secretary-general to lead the CCP.
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The Northern Expedition was led by General Chiang Kai-shek. The Northern Expedition was a campaign that aimed to unify China. This meant attacking the Communists, Beijing government and all of the Warlords
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The communists capture the city of Nanchang with an army of about 30,000, they are forced to retreat after four days.
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Chiang Kai-shek's administration led a massacre on the communists, around 5,000 to 10,000 communists casualties. This happened as they hadn't really trusted the communists and found that they had no need for them anymore.
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The GMD recapture most of China from the Warlords and establish the Nanjing government led by Chiang Kai-shek.
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Chiang's attacks on the communist party Jiangxi Soviet force the communists to retreat and relocate their party. Led by Mao, the communists walked for a year in an attempt to escape Chiang Kai-shek.
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Japanese and Chinese armies clash at the Marco Polo bridge, the reasons for the war are unknown.
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The communists and nationalists unite in order to repel Japanese invaders.
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Japanese forces Rape, and murder their way through the city, there is an estimated death count of over 300,000. The event happened over a six week period.
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Due to the bombs dropped on Japan by the USA, they are forced to surrender to China.
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The GMD and communists begin fighting for control over China, attempts at a treaty are made, however not accepted.
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After the communists had taken several cities and had essentially won the civil war, Chiang resigned as President and fled to Taiwan.
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Mao declares the foundation of the People's Republic of China at a speech in Beijing.
