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U.S proposes that china opens up their door for merchants of all nations. this would allow them to remain protected from colonization but it also gave influence to the Western countries in China.
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The Boxer Rebellion, Boxer Uprising or Yihetuan Movement was a violent anti-foreign and anti-Christian movement which took place in China towards the end of the Qing dynasty between 1898 and 1900. It was initiated by the Militia United in Righteousness (Yihetuan), known in English as the "Boxers", and was motivated by proto-nationalist sentiments and opposition to foreign imperialism and Christianity. The Great Powers intervened and defeated Chinese forces.
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Sun Yixian leads his Kuomintiang, or Nationalist Party and defeats the Qing dynasty. He develops 3 principles for the people:
- Nationalism
- Liverhood
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Sun Yat-sen, the founder of the Republic of China, named a powerful general and politician with military backing, Yuan Shikai as President to fight the emperor and warlords remaining from the Qing Dynasty. However, Yuan Shikai created an autocracy and attempted to revive the Chinese monarchy and empire. He was emperor of China from 1915-1916 untill his death, leaving China in a state of chaos and without central authority.
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Nationalists have trouble controling warlords and lose power.
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Chinese fight in WWI against the Germans in an intent to impress the Europeans. Instead, with the Treaty Of Versailles rewards Japan with Germany's holdings in China
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The Treaty of Versailles gave Japan Chinese land that was taken by the Germans, but China felt that land was rightfully theirs. Chinese students of numerous universities then came together in a demonstration to protest both the Treaty of Versailles and the disputed land. This lead to a surge of nationalism within the nation, and many began to doubt the western world of democracy. This led to the founding of the Chinese Communist Party of China and the rise of Communism in China.
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Mao Zedong leads the communist party that is influenced by the ideas of Karl Marx and Vladmir Lenin. Their goal was to take over the government and create a cemtralized governmentto regulate the agricultural output, education and society. Mao believed the peasants were most important and sought to distribute land equally to all.
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Despite differences, Nationalists and Communists unite together to fight warlords and Japanese
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Sun Yixian dies and is replaced by Jiang Jieshi, who becomes the leader of the Nationalist Party: Kumintang
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Jiang Jishi and the Nationalists kill thousands of Communists. New National Republic of China is formed and officially recognized by Europeans
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The Chinese Civil War was a civil war in China fought between forces loyal to the government of the Republic of China led by the Kuomintang and forces of the Communist Party of China.The conflict eventually resulted in two de facto states, the Republic of China in Taiwan and the People's Republic of China in mainland China, both claiming
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The Long March was a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang army. There was not one Long March, but a series of marches, as various Communist armies in the south escaped to the north and west.
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Mass protests by students asking for the Nationalist government to resist the Japanese attacks. Despite interference from police, the protesters sent demands to the KMT and inspired other students across the country.
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Going against advice he received, Jiang Jieshi sends the KMT's troops to defend Shanghai from the Japanese. The Battle of Shanghai alone lasted 3 months, and Jiang hoped that the defense could prompt Western interference. However, the loss of the best soldiers left the road to the capital Nanjing open, and in the end the League of Nations was unable to intervene.
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The Rape of Nanking was the pillaging and destruction of the capital of the former Republic of China, Nanking. The Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese war brutully massacred just below three hundred thousand civilians as well as many prisoners of war. This event has been denied by many Japanese officials and remains a source of tensions between Japan and China.
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First Nationalist victory, broke belief that Japanese forces were invincible. Raised morale of soldiers after previous defeats. Lots of weapons were captured from the Japanese, helping the Nationalist war effort.
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With the wide and mass support of the peasants and workers, Mao Zedong defeats Jian Jieshi and creates the People's Republic of China. The Nationalists flee mainland China to Taiwan, creating two Chinas. Mao began reforms.
