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The Qing dynasty had been maintaining limited power until there was a revolt against them and the dynasty fell, ending the imperial system. A weak provisional government took its place.
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Sun Yixian started the kuomintang (Nationalist Party). Because of this, Sun Yixian was named president of the New Republic of China. He believed in the "three principles of people":
1) Nationalism
2)People´s right - having a democracy
3) People´s livelihood -
Yuan Shikai was a military dictator that took the Chinese power in 1913. He contradicted Sun Yixian beliefs and he basically used the military forces. There were many revolts against him and the army refused to fight againts the revolt.
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Yuan Shikai dies and after his death chaos invaded China. A civil war started among the provincial warlords.
Because all of this, China was being waged in Europe and this is why this country was part of WWI. -
The Governement of Beijing declared war against Germany. The Traty of Versailles was signed and allied leaders gave Japan the territories that belonged to Germany.
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Angry students gathered in Beijing. A new leader came who supported these students who was called Mao Zedong. The May the Fourth Movement happened as a way to show people wanted modernization of the country.
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The year before this one, there had been a discussion about Marx beliefs. With this as a base, the Chinese Communist Party was created, and Mao Zedong was an important figure in it. This governement located in the south of China.
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Soviet advisers and equipment was sent to China to the Nationalists to allow communists to join Kuomintang.
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With the death of Sun Yixian, Chian Kai-Shek was named the head of the kuomintang. At first he put aside his differences with the communist, but quickly he turned against them.
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The nationalists troops and armed gangs moved into Shangai nearly whipping the Chinese Communist Party. The nationalists now remained on the North and the communists on the south.
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Chian Kai-Shek became the president. Great Britain and the United States recognized the government of the coutnry under his rule, but the Soviet Union didn´t. It was a corrupt government so peasants ended up going to the communist party. Meanwhile, Mao Zedong divided the land among local farmers.
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The CIvil War between Nationalists and Communists started. Mao Zedong, communist, had the peasants by his side. Nationalists attacked repeteadly, but fail to drive communists out.
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Chiang Kai- Shek gathered an army of 700,000 men and surrounded the communist stronghold, leaving no more choice to communists than leave.
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Left with no other choice, communist forces fled to the north in a trip called the Long March. Only one third of them survived it.
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Japan had taken control of Manchuria in 1931 and now the Japanese slowly began entering China. They started destroying farms.
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Japan took control of a large part of China so the nationalists and communists decided to halt the civil war and fight Japan separately together. Mao Zedong mobilized peasants for guerrilla war against Japanese.
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Mao´s red army controlled much of northen China. The Japanese surrender and the civil war continued. The United States supplied the nationalists and the Soviet Union provided minimal help to Mao Zedong.
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The nationalists outnumbered the communists, however, had little popular support. The nationalists soldiers ended up deserting to the communists.
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The Red Army became strong and by the spring of 1949 they controlled China´s major cities.
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Mao Zedong gained control of the country. The nationalists were force to mave to actual day Taiwan and in the path they stoled everyhting from the museums. China was now named "People Republic of China" and Taiwan was named "Republic of China".
