-
Emerged 2070 BC- 1600 BC
Established by Yu the Great (idea of the 'Mandate of Heaven')
Qi the succeeds the throne 2025 BC
Jie falls 1600 BC
City of Erlitou -
1600 BC-1046 BC
Shang or Yin Dynasty the Yellow River valley
Government- Monarchy
Divinations inscribed on tortoise shells and other bones
Bronze Metallurgy
Horse- Drawn Chariots
Capitol moved six times
Ao near modern ZhengZhou
Sacrificial Victims (slaves) -
Capitol- Daxing (581-605)
Luoyang (605-618) Religion: buddhism, taoism, confucianism, chinese folk religion, zoroastrianism Government: Monarchy
Emperor-
(581-604) Emperor Wen
(604-617) Emperor Yang
(617-618) Emperor Gong -
Capital
Chang'an
Government Monarchy
Emperor
9-23 Wang Mang -
Capital- Chang’an (206 bc- 9 ad, 190-195 ad)
Luoyang (25-190 ad, 196 ad)
Xuchang (196-220 ad) Religion- Taoism, confucianism, chinese folk religion Government- Monarchy
Emperor:
(202-195 bc) Emperor Gaozu
(25-57 ad) Emperor Guangwu
Chancellor:
(206-193 BC) Xiao He
(193-190 BC) Cao Can
(189-192 AD) Dong Zhou
(208-220 AD) Cao Cao
(220 AD) Cao Pi Thirteen controlled commanderies were in the western part of the empire. The eastern parts were divided into ten semi-autonomous kingdoms. -
Government: Absolute Monarchy
221 BC-226 BC
Emperors:
221 BC-210 BC : Qin Shi Huang
210 BC-207 BC : Qin Er Shi
Chancellor:
221 BC-208 BC : Li Si
208 BC-207 BC : Zhao Gao
City walls used for defense -
Government Monarchy
Emperors
937–944 Duan Siping
1081–1094 Duan Zhengming
1096–1108 Duan Zhengchun
1172–1200 Duan Zhixing
1251–1254 Duan Xingzhi -
Chang'an (618–684 and 705–904)
Luoyang (684–705 and 904–07)
Religions
Chinese Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion, Nestorianism, Manichaeism, Zoroastrianism
Government Monarchy
Emperor
618–626 (first) Emperor Gaozu
904–907 (last) Emperor Ai -
Government Monarchy
Emperors
907–926 Taizu (Abaoji)
926–947 Taizong
947–951 Shizong
951–969 Muzong
•969–982 Jingzong
•982–1031 Shengzong
1031–1055 Xingzong
1055–1101 Daozong
1101–1125 Tianzuo
Currency
Mostly barter in the nomadic areas, and cash coins in the southern circuit. -
Northern song
Capitals
Bianjing (960–1127)
Lin'an (1127–1276)
Religion
Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion
Government Monarchy
Emperors
960–976 Emperor Taizu
1126–1127 Emperor Qinzong
1127–1162 Emperor Gaozong
1278–1279 Emperor Bing -
Capitols: Fenghai-1046-771 BC
Wangcheng-171-510 BC / 314-256 BC
Chengzhou-510-314
Monarchy (Mandate of Heaven)
King Wu-1046-1043 BC (passed on to King Cheng as consolidating royal power)
King You-781-771 BC
King Ping-770-720 BC
King Nan-314-256 BC
Patriarchy
Confucian Chronicle- "Spring and Autumn" -
Capital
Huining Prefecture
(1122–1153)
Zhongdu
(1153–1214)
Kaifeng
(1214–1233)
Caizhou
(1233–1234)
Government Monarchy
Emperor
• 1115–1123 Emperor Taizu (first)
• 1234 Emperor Mo (last) -
Capital
Khanbaliq (Beijing)
Religions
Buddhism (Tibetan Buddhism as de facto state religion), Heaven worship, Shamanism, Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion, Chinese Nestorian Christianity, Roman Catholic Christianity, Judaism, Chinese Manichaeism, Islam
Government Monarchy
Emperor
1260–1294 Kublai Khan
1333–1368 Toghon Temür -
Capitals
Nanjing (Yingtian prefecture)
(1368–1644)[a]
Beijing (Shuntian prefecture)
(1403–1644)
Religions
Heaven worship, Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, Islam, Roman Catholicism
Government Absolute monarchy
Emperor
1368–1398 Hongwu Emperor
1627–1644 Chongzhen Emperor
Senior Grand Secretary
1402–1407 Xie Jin
1644 Wei Zaod -
Capital
Peking (Shuntian Prefecture)
Religions
Heaven worship, Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, Confucianism, Taoism, Christianity, Islam, Shamanism, others Government Monarchy
Emperor
1644–1661 Shunzhi (first)
1908–1912 Puyi (last)
Regent
1908–12 Zaifeng
Prime Minister
1911 Yikuang
1911–12 Yuan Shikai