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The revolutionary alliance succeded in overthrowing the last emperor of the Qing dynasty. The Qing dynasty ruled since 1644.
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Sun Yixian became president of the new Republic of China and hoped to establish a modern government based on nationalism, people's rights, and people's livelihood. Although, he lacked authority and military support to secure national unity so he turned over his presidency.
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When news of the treaty of Versailles reached China, outrage swept the country. Over 3,000 students gathered in the center of Beijing. It became a national movement and showed Chinese commitment to the goal of establishing strong, modern nation.
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A group met in Shanghai to organize the Chinese Communist Party. Mao Zdong, one of its founders, would soon become one of China's greatest revolutionary leaders.
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To enlist the support of the peasants, Mao divided land that the Communists won among the local farmers.
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The Shanghai Massacre was the violent suppression of Chinese Communist Party organizations in Shanghai by the military forces of Chiang Kai-shek.
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Jiang gatherd an army of at least 700,000 men. They surrounded the communists mountain stronghold. The 100,000 communists knew they faced defeat so they fled. They began the 6,000 mile march and many died from hunger, cold, exposure and battle wounds.
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The Japanese launched an all-out invasion of China and by 1938 Japan controlled a large part of China. The Japanese threat soon halted the civil war.
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A five-year plan is a detailed outline for the country’s economic goals for the next five years. The goal of China’s First Five-Year Plan was to strive for a high rate of economic growth and emphasize development in heavy industry.
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From roughly 1957 to 1959, this consisted of a series of campaigns to purge alleged "rightists" within the Communist Party of China. This strengthened the communism's grip on China.
