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After the Opium war, Britain gained access of Treaty Ports in China. America became fearful of their connection and President Tyler sent Caleb Cushing to get concessions for the United States.
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The Treaty of Wanghia was the first formal diplomatic agreement between the United States and China. The US was interested in commerce, as opposed to colonies, which kept good relations between the two countries. The United States received trading terms and trying Americans accused of crimes in China would be tried before American officials. This Treaty also opened oppurtunities to Christian missionaries.
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In 1890 Captain Alfred T. Mahan wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History, in which he argued that America must gain new markets abroad to be economocally successful and that the US navy would have to be expanded. This helped energize and establish an iomperialistic nature in the nation.
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Japan had just beat China in a war, which weakened the country extremely. Imperalist powers, especially in Europe, began to pursue economic spheres of influence from the Manchu government.
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Secretary of State John Hay dispatched the Open Door Note. This note urged Imperialist powers with spheres of influence to respect Chinese rights and fair competitions. All of the great powers but Russia agreed.
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After the release of the Open Door Note, some Chinese felt like they were being taken advantage of. Rebels that wanted to "kill the foreign devils" attacked foreigners and Chinese Christians. Rebels also attacked the foreign diplmatic city of Beijing.
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John Hay announced in 1900 that the Open Door note would embrace territorial intergrity of China in addition to its commercial integrity.
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This was a peace agreement betweem China and the Great Powers (countries that were involved in imperializing China) at the end of the Boxer Rebellion. It is considered an unequal treaty because the Chinese were given less control of their country than they had previously had.
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Grace Robert's missionary work in China showed how the Open Door note was working and how China held an almost sentimental affection for American work.
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This was an agreement signed by nine nations (the United States, Japan, China, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal) affirming the territorial and commercial integrity of China. In other words, these nations agreed to respect China's right to seek prosprity for itself and to not take land unnecessarily.
