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The Sand Creek Massacre
Colonel John Chivington led a force of about 700 men into Fort Lyon. He had already been informed that Black Kettle had already surrendered, but Chivington wanted the Natives extinct. He led his troops who had drunk heavily, and they surrounded the village with troops and 4 howitzers. The Natives were scalped, cut open, brains knocked out, and men, women, and children were all killed. -
Medicine Lodge Treaty
The U.S. Government and tribial chiefs met at a place for traditional ceremonies for Native Americans, at their reequest. Under this treaty, tribes were assigned reservations of smaller sizes than defined in an 1865 treaty. Many of the Tribial Elders were not happy of this, and many filed Law suits against the government, which the elders all lost, and soon they finally won. It still took decades to compensate the millions of dollars owed for substantial settlements. -
2nd Treaty of Fort Laramie
This was also known as the Sioux Treaty of 1868. The U.S. Government wanted to move the Ponca tribe from their sacred lands in Nebraska to poor lands in Oklahoma. They signed a treaty to ensure the civilization of the Ponca and Lakota to let them have farms. They also had to become "civilzed americans'' and become educated. -
The Ghost Dance Movement Begins
The original ghost dance began on the Walker Lake Reservation in 1870. The Ghost Dance originated among the Paiute Indians around 1870, and it started to go around and become really popular in 1889. Wovoka said that he had a vision, and for the vision to come true, you had to do this dance. Although the U.S. Soldiers believed it to be a war dance. This led to the killings of many Natives for no reason. The vision Wovoka had was of the buffalo coming back, and the white men leaving. -
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The Ghost Dance Movement
See the Start of the Ghost Dance Movement Event. -
Battle of Palo Duro Canyon
This One Day Battle was caused due to all of the white settlers, missionaries, powerful railroads, and politicians constantly attacking and bothering the Plains Indians. Ranald S. MacKenzie, a General who was based in Fort Richardson, surrounded the Plains Indians tribe on all sides. This started a shootout of the U.S. Troops firing on the tribe who was defenseless. The tribe surrendered, but that wasn't satisfying for general MacKenzie, he captured all of the tribes horses and killed them. -
Start of Battle of the Little Big Horn
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Battle of the Little Big Horn
The Leader of the Souix tribe, Sitting Bull, led an attack on the U.S. Army. The U.S. Army was being led by General George Armstrong Custer. The Souix Tribe won the battle, and out of the 700 U.S. soldiers, 268 died, and 55 were injured. This was know as Custer's Last Stand, because Custer himself died. It was started due to white settlers settling in the Souix's land, they didn't like it, and they brought it up with the U.S. Government. They still had to fight for their land, and didn't win -
End of Battle of the Little Big Horn
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The Capture of Geronimo
On September 4th, 1886, Geronimo surrendered to General Miles. Geronimo was then escorted to Fort Bowie and then he was moved to Florida where he died in 1909. Geronimo was never allowed to see his homelands again. Geronimo became a public figure and national celebrity in his old age. -
Relocation of the Nez Perce
The Nez Perce originally had signed a treaty which gave them most of their homeland as the reservation. But gold was discovered in the reservation. As iners and settlers moved into the reservation, the government made the reservation 90% smaller. Many Nez Perce tribal leaders did not appreciate this, and so they tried to escape, only to be forced back to the reservation. -
End of the Ghost Dance Movement
See the Start of the Ghost Dance Movement event. -
Wounded Knee Massacre
This happened near the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota. It was the last battle of the Indian wars. One regiment led by Whitside tood Spotted Elk's tribe to Wounded Knee Creek and made camp. In the morning of December 29th, troops went to disarm the Lakota, but there was a scuffle and a shot was fired, and then the 7th Cavalry fired on everyone. They killed around 300 natives. Men, women, and children.
