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Selim III came into power for the Ottomen Empire in 1789. He attemped to modernize the army. This attempt was rejected and Selim III was overthrown.
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In 1829, the Eauropeans created the drug quinine for the disease caused by mosquitoes, also known as malaria.
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In 1830, Greece gained independence. Also, Serbia gained self-rule. The Ottomen Empire began to notice that European powers were expanding their territories. They were looking for ways to take land from Ottomen Empire.
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Muhammad Ali became the ruler of Egypt in 1831. He fought a series of battles. He gained control of Syria and Arabia. He was a great ruler for Egypt.
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The rule of Egypt was tooken over by Muhammad Ali's grandson. He constructed the Suez Canal. It was a hand-made water way through the isthmus of Suez.
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In 1852, a war broke out between the Ottomeans and the Russians. They both wanted the peninsula in the Black Sea.
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There was rumors going around that the Indian soldiers greased their rifiles with beef and pork fat. To use the rifiles they had to bite off the ends. Both Hindus and Muslims thought this was outragous because they didn't eat cow or pork.
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The British government took direct command of India.
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The Suez Canal opened in 1869. It was mainly built with French money and used Egypt workpower.
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Dadabhai Naroroji was the first Indian elected to the British Parliment.
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In the 1800's Afghanistan was in independent country. Great Britian finally withdrew from Afghanistan after decades of fighting in 1881.
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Egypt could not pay the European bankers for the 450 million. Then the British insisted to control of the canal. They then occupied Egypt in 1882.
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14 European nations met at the Berlin Conference in 1884. They laid down rules for the division of Africa.
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The Maxim gun was invented in 1884. It was the world's first automatic machine gun.
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Shaka was the leader of the Zulu group in South Africa. They used highly disciplined warriors and good military organization to create a large centralized Zulu state. The Zulu fought the British multiple times. In 1887, the Zulu nation fell to British control.
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Ethiopia was the only African country that could resist the Europeans. Due to one man, Menelik II. He became emperor of Ethiopia in 1889.
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The Boer's were Europeans that settled in South Africa. The Boer's tried to to keep the "outsiders" from gaining any political rights. The Boer's blamed the British and started a war. The Boer's tatics were commando raids and guerilla tactics. The British tatics were burning Boer farms and imprison women and children in concentration camps.
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The United States stuggled with Filipino Nationalists in 1899. They finally defeated them in 1902. The United States promised the Filipino's that they would prepare them for self-rule.
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Britian's intrest in Persia increased knowing that there was a discovery of oil in 1908.
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Nasir al-Din sold concession to a British company to export Perisan tobacco. The tobacco boycott started and riots broke out.
