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  He reached the mouth of the Columbia River
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  Mexico became independent
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  Adopted a republican constituition that declared rights for all mexicans
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  Smith and his growing number of converts left New York
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  Sutter's Fort established
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  the era of American fur trading in the Pacific Northwest was drawing to a close
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  Pioneers begin traveling West on the Oregon Trail
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  an anti-mob Smith
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  United States annexs Texas
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  United States wins the Mexican War
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  Cali gold rush begins
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  about 20,000 immigrants arrived in Cali
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  Cali became the 31st state
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  Gadsden Purchase establishes the southwestern US border
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  Stephen F. Austin started a Texas Colony on the lower Colorado River