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The rebellion was part religious movement, and part political reform movement. This involvement of regional armies began the move away from centralized control, which would result in the Warlord Era in the 1920s.
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China lost more territory to Japan when it was part of the settlement in the Russo-Japanese War.
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China faced political chaos, following a revolution in 191, which overthrew the Manchu dynasty, the new Republic failed to take hold and China continued to be exploited by foreign powers, lacking any strong central government.
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The ruling dynasty was overthrown in a revolution know as the Double Tenth. A republic was created. Most provinces declared themselves independent of Beijing.
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Students led a mass demonstration in Beijing against the warlords, traditional Chinese culture and the Japanese.
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Both the GMD and the CCP wanted a unified China.They agreed that the first step to this was to get rid of the warlords. Both parties also agreed that China needed to be free of the foreign imperialist powers.
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Together with the communists, the GMD set out on the "Northern Expedition" in 1926 to crush the warlords of central and northern China.
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The Chinese Civil War was an attempt by two ideologically opposed forces- the nationalists and the communists- to see who would ultimately be able to restore order and regain central control over China.
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Jiang expelled all communists from the GMD, and his attacks on the communists reached a peak in Shanghai in the "White Terror".
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The GMD carried out similar attacks in other cities, in what became known as the "purification movement".
