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Empress Dowager Cixi was opposed to Western imperialism and Christianity. Westerners were attacked by 'Boxers'- nationalistic young men trained in martial arts and imbued with Buddhist or Taoist beliefs.
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There was a growing Western influence in China. Britain defeated the Chinese in the Opium Wars during the mid-19th century and the Chinese Empire was influence by the Europeans, Americans and Japanese
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China was ruled by the Qing Dynasty in that period of time most of the population were peasants, extremely poor, and often had difficulties feeding their own families. the population increased very quickly so brought less jobs in China
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The movement was directed toward national independence, emancipation of the individual and rebuilding society and culture. Student were the leaders of this movement
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its membership was mainly intellectuals and it had no real military strength so they agreed to work with the GMD
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Communism versus nationalism were fighting for the power of China
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GMD and CCP wanted to unified China so both agreed to form the 1st United Front to be free of the foreign imperialistic powers.
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CCP and GMD set out a northern expedition to crush the warlord and northern and central china, and it was a success, within two years, the United Front had destroyed the power of the warlords, and the GMD announced that they would be the legitimate government of China
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Jiang expelled all communist from the GMD, and his attacks on the communist reached a peak in Shanghai.
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it was a massacre of thousands of communist, trade unionist and peasant leaders. About a quarter of a million people were killed. The CCP was very nearly crushed by the end of the 1927
