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The peasants were extremly poor, droughts and floods were frequent, they had taxes of 80% of their production, unemployment
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Britain defeated China in the war fot the control of the opium trade, China ceded Hong Kong to Britain until 1990.
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USA and Japan had a very strong influence in China. Foreingners refuse to obey Chinese laws and created their own courts. Locals hated the foreings. The Boxer Rebellion appeared to kill all foreings.
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The new emperor was a kid and people were unhappy. Different provinces declared themselves independent. Sun Yixian (in picture) was the first provisional president of China, Yuan Shikai was the first official president.
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Shikai (in picture) was the leader of northern China and Hong Kong. Yixian was the leader of the south. The GMD (Guomindang) was created by Yixian. Now that China was a republic they needed a congress. The people voted for the GMD, Shikai was not happy and declared himself emperor on 1915 with foreing approval.
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Japan sento to Shikai the Twenty One Demands in order to control Chinese railroads, factories and ports. Shikai accepted because he feared war and lost popularity. Rebellions started in all the provinces and in 1916, Shikai died of a stroke. Without him, the goverment collapsed and the Warlord Era Started.
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The Warlord Era (1916-1927) was a period of internal anarchy. The warlords were generals that set up goverments and maintain powers with their armies. They fought each other for the control of China
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In 1919 THE Warlord Era inspired a group of students and intelectuals to riot against the warlords in Beijing. Some were inspired by the revolutionary ideology and others by the GMD's nationalism.
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Communist and nationalist created an alliance. The communists created the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) in 1921. Both GDM and CCP ageed to get rid of the warlords, in 1922 the created the First United Front to do so. In 1925, Jiang Jieshi became the leader fo the GMD. In 1928 the warlords were gone.
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The ideology divided the GMD and the CCP. The GMD expelled all communist from the party and killed them all. The CCP escaped to the mountains
