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Goldsmith and inventor Johannes Gutenberg was a political exile from Mainz, Germany when he began experimenting with printing in Strasbourg, France in 1440. He returned to Mainz several years later and by 1450, had a printing machine perfected and ready to use commercially: The Gutenberg press. -
The dwindling Byzantine Empire came to an end when the Ottomans breached Constantinople's ancient land wall after besieging the city for 55 days. -
The reign of the Catholic Monarchs spanned the years between 1474 and 1504. It marked the beginning of a period of great progress and prosperity that would put Spain at the head of Europe for over a century.
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This is an interesting video where it is explain the her life
https://www.facebook.com/teretravel/videos/la-historia-de-juana-i-de-castilla-visitaremos-tordesillas-cuando-llamanos-y-te-/1114608649377381/ -
How was America discovered?
The explorer Christopher Columbus made four trips across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain: in 1492, 1493, 1498 and 1502. He was determined to find a direct water route west from Europe to Asia, but he never did. Instead, he stumbled upon the Americas. -
The Treaty of Tordesillas was an agreement of 1494 between Spain and Portugal to divide the world by means of an imaginary line in the center of the Atlantic Ocean. -
French theologian and philosopher, considered one of the authors and managers of the Protestant Reformation. The fundamental doctrines of later reformers would identify with him, calling these doctrines "Calvinism". -
Leonardo da Vinci was a Florentine polymath of the Italian Renaissance. He was simultaneously a painter, anatomist, architect, paleontologist, botanist, writer, sculptor, philosopher, engineer, inventor, musician, poet, and urban planner. He died accompanied by Francesco Melzi, to whom he bequeathed his projects, designs and paintings. -
this is a video of his life
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwxXShzlhG4 -
inherited a Spanish and Habsburg empire extending across Europe from Spain and the Netherlands to Austria and the Kingdom of Naples and reaching overseas to Spanish America. He struggled to hold his empire together against the growing forces of Protestantism, increasing Ottoman and French pressure, and even hostility from the pope.
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This is an interesting video with some information
https://historyofspain.es/video/felipe-ii/ -
In 1534 Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy which defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head on earth of the Church of England, thereby severing ecclesiastical links with Rome. -
The Council of Trent was an ecumenical council of the Catholic Church developed in discontinuous periods during twenty-five sessions between the years 1545 and 1563. It took place in Trento, a city in the north of present-day Italy, which was then a free imperial city governed by a prince-bishop -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHQTESN8b5Q
Very interesting video of his life -
Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez, conocido como Diego Velázquez, fue un pintor barroco español considerado uno de los máximos exponentes de la pintura española y maestro de la pintura universal. -
During the first stage of his reign, he shared responsibility for State affairs with Don Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares, who deployed an ambitious warmongering policy abroad and reformist at home that sought to maintain Spanish hegemony in Europe. After the fall of Olivares, he personally took charge of government affairs, helped by very influential courtiers, such as Luis Méndez de Haro, Olivares' nephew, and the Duke of Medina de las Torres.
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These is a very interesting exposition about Carlos II in the Prado museum
https://www.museodelprado.es/coleccion/obra-de-arte/carlos-ii-a-caballo/fc3c7f9e-1b78-45b4-afab-b3b350f8f4f4 -
The war ended by Philip of Anjou winning. Britain and its allies finally accepted him to become the next king of Spain, called Philip V, but he had to gave up his right to be king of France. Also, Austria got most of Spanish Italy, and Britain got Spanish Menorca and Gibraltar. -
The French Revolution was a period of major social upheaval that began in 1787 and ended in 1799. It sought to completely change the relationship between the rulers and those they governed and to redefine the nature of political power.