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Texas declared Independence from Mexico without any warning. Fighting spread after Anglos talked about separating from Texas. Tejanos and Anglos started slowly not trusting each other.
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It all started with Mexico trying to take back Texas. The U.S. then found out that Texas began signing treaties with Great Britain. The U.S. got fearful that Texas would unite with the British. In 1845 the U.S. ignored the Adams-onis treaty and voted to annex Texas as the 28th state. President Polk offered Mexico 5 million for New Mexico, and 25 million for California, which outraged Mexico. I think it's important because it shows how it started when the beginning was.
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During the war, General Zachary Taylor's army killed or wounded 1,200 Mexicans the soldiers restreeted to south side of the Rio Grande. The U.S. wanted occupy northern Mexico, take California and New Mexico and march to Mexico city and force Mexico to surrender.
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Mexico was struggling to push back the U.S. while General Santa Anna took back command of the Mexican army. February, 1847 Santa Anna led 1,500 men against the U.S. at Buena Vista. Many U.S. cannons defeat Santa Anna's army.
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The U.S. marched to Chapultepec were they climbed the castle wall and a brutal hand to hand combat battle started. Santa Anna hope was lost and surrendered. On February, 1848 the U.S. and Mexico got together to sign the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, it granted the U.S. half of Mexico's territory to add to the defeat gold was found in California nine days later after signing the treaty.