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In 323 BC, two of Alexander the Great’s ships arrived, and such strong, though temporary, links were forged with the Greek empire that the island was renamed Tylos.
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the islands were formally annexed by the Sassanian Persians in the 4th century A.D.
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By 600 BC Dilmun was absorbed entirely by the empire of Babylon.
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In the early 1500s the Portuguese invaded, building one of their typical sea-facing forts on Bahrain’s northern shore (Qala’at al-Bahrain)
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Mass immigration of Persians started during the 1600s when Abbas I of Persia regained Bahrain. After settling in Bahrain, some of the Persians were effectively Arabized.
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It was in the mid-18th century that the Al-Khalifa, the family that now rules Bahrain, first arrived in the area. They initially settled at Al-Zubara, on the northwestern edge of the Qatar peninsula, and became involved in the region’s lucrative pearling trade. They drove the Persians out of Bahrain in about 1782, and were themselves routed by an Omani invasion, but returned in 1820 never to leave again.
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There is mention of Dilmun as a vassal of Assyria in the 8th century BC and by about 600BC, it had been fully incorporated into the Assyrian empire.
