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Period: Jan 1, 1300 to
Renaissance
Was the culture rebirth in Europe. This era effected all the Europeans. This period was important because thats how Europe fixed itself, without it Europe would have not be reborn. -
Jan 1, 1400
Prince Henry the Navigator
Was a Portugese prince, soldier, and patron of explorers. He is most famous for the voyages of discovery that he organised and financed. Hes important because he traveled from Portugal to West Africa. -
Jan 1, 1400
Iroquois League
The Iroquois were in America before the Europeans knew there was an America. They lived in America foor quite a time. Made from clay they lived in adobe houses. It was not hard making adobes or getting the clay so it made it easer for the Iroquois. They were important because the helped people settle in when they find the Americas. -
Period: Jan 1, 1450 to
columbian exchange
The Columbian Exchange was a sea trade connecting the “Old World” and the “New World”. This new trade system begining in the 1500's and progressing from then on, was a consequence of discovering the "New World". It was important because it explains why European nations quickly became the wealthiest and most powerful in the world. -
Dec 14, 1450
Middle passage
The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade. lso when the Middle passage was going on there was a lot of indentured servants. Indentured servitude was a labor system where people paid for their passage to the New World by working for an employer for a certain number of years. It was widely employed in the 18th century in the British colonies in North America and elsewhere. -
Oct 31, 1451
Christopher Columbus
Credited for finding the Americas. He was a European sailor. He was important becasue he was able to find another side of the world that the Europeans never knew about. -
Jan 1, 1466
Montezuma
Last Aztec Emperor in Mexico. Was overthrown by Hernan Cortez. Cortes arrived in 1519, Montezuma thought the Spanish conquerors were descendants of the god Quetzalcoatl. Montezuma allowed the Spaniards to enter Tenotchitlan unopposed, and he was captured and held hostage by Cortes. Montezuma was either killed by a rock in the head from a crowd of his own people, or he was stabbed -
Dec 2, 1485
Hernan Cortez
He was a Spanish conquistador. A conquistador is a conqeror thats spansh and there important because the conquer and find colonies that we would never have without them.Cortez overthrew the aztec empire and won Mexico from crown of spain. -
Presidio
A presidio is a fortified base established by the Spanish in areas under their control or influence. The fortresses were built to protect against pirates, Native Americans, and colonists from enemy nations.Usualy the men that made presidios were mestizos otherwise known as mixed races. -
Period: to
Puritans
The Puritans had a big role in this time period. The Puritans formed the mayflower compact signed by 41 English colonists on the ship Mayflower on November 11, 1620, was the first written framework of government established in what is now the United States. The puritans were also called pilgrims in this period. Another big thing in this period was the Bacons Rebellion. The Bacon's Rebellion was an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor Wi -
House of Burgesses
With its origin in the first meeting of the Virginia General Assembly at Jamestown in July 1619, the House of Burgesses was the first democratically elected legislative body in the British American colonies. -
William Penn
William Penn was an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, early Quaker and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. -
Period: to
Enlightment
During the enlightment period lots of things happened. Such as the the Magna Carta, Habeaus Corpus, and The English Bill of Rights were in the making. The English Bill of Rights were like the main main laws they had first made. Habeaus Corpus is a legal action by means of which detainees can seek relief from unlawful imprisonment. The Magna Carta is a charter agreed by King John of England at Runnymede. All of these had big effects to the enlightment period. -
New World(part 2)
The most important advantage of using a joint-stock company was having the organization to recruit investors and raise enough money to attempt to establish a colony. John Smith was a big man in the New World. He was an English adventurer, soldier, explorer, and author. He is famous for his role in the exploration of the New World and is responsible for the settlement and survival of Jamestown, England's first permanent colony in America. -
New World(part1)
Many things were being invented and discovered in this period. A huge find was the northwest passage. The Northwest Passage is a sea route connecting the northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through the Arctic Ocean. This allowed more boats to go through making it easier to trade and just travel. Next there was the Joint Stock Company. Joint-stock companies were similar to modern corporations that sell stock to investors in order to pool resources like capital, or money, together for new product -
Period: to
Great Awakening
The Great Awakening, was an evangelical and revitalization movement that swept Protestant Europe and British America. Salutory Neglect, Mercantalism, and cash crops were nig in this timespan.Salutory Neglect was British Crown policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient to England. Mercantalism is belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism. Cash Crops were anything you could grow to make lots of money such as Tobacco. -
Period: to
Problems in the past(part 1)
During this time there were lots of tariffs being put on items meaning stuff being taxed. Like everyone would do is get mad because nobody likes to be taxed. When people start getting taxed stuff the Whiskey rebellion will start to happen. The Whiskey rebellion was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791, during the presidency of George Washington. The so called whiskey tax was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by the newly formed federal government. -
Period: to
Problems in the past(part 2)
The Alien Sedition Act was passed. These laws included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote. The Marbury vs Madison case was getting heated. It was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution. The Judicuial review is a review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act. -
Goverment (1725-1800)
Popular Sovereignty was a hit at the time. It stated that most goverments would be ruled by the people making sure the goverments would not have the power to over run the state. This bring up Limited Government coming from The Federalist makes it hard for the goverment to gain the power they so want but this will help make less fighting over the goverment. Later Seperation of Power is introduced. It is an act of seperating the legislative, executive, and judicial powers making it fair for all. -
The making of a goverment
A big man was Alexander Hamilton in this time. He wwas the secretary of tresure. The Secretary of the Treasury is a member of the Presidential cabinet. This person is the acting head of the Department of the Treasury, and deals with all financial and monetary matters directly relating to the government. They also helped with the whole idea of wanting a strict construction or a loose one. -
The Articals of Confederation
This document served as the United States' first constitution, and was in force from March 1, 1781, until 1789 when the present day Constitution went into effect. At this time Bicameral Legislative was in use. Bicameral Legislative is a governmental body with two houses or chambers, such as the US Congress or British Parliament. -
Shays Rebellion
Shays' Rebellion is the name given to a series of protests in 1786 and 1787 by American farmers against state and local enforcement of tax collections and judgments for debt. People were getting sick of paying taxes. Like most people would do in these times they started to revolt. It was important because it had an effect on the outcome of the war. -
North West Oradence
The ordinance created the Northwest Territory, the first organized territory of the United States, from lands beyond the Appalachian Mountains, between British Canada and the Great Lakes to the north and the Ohio River to the south. It was important because laid the basis for the government of the Northwest Territory and for the admission of its constituent parts as states into the union -
Great Compromise
The compromise stated that each state would have to representatives in the upper house and in the lower house it depended on your population for how many representatives you would have. This was a big stepping stone to make our goverment fair to all states. -
John Jay
In 1789, Jay was appointed the first Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. Jay favored the adoption of the new Constitution and played a minor role in writing The Federalist Papers with Madison and Hamilton. -
1800's(part 1)
Many things happened in the 1800's.This was a time where there we impressment people which are people that are choosen to go to war and there are war hawks who would love to go to war.The Treaty of Ghent was signed in this period. That treaty ended the war between the US and The United Kingdom. The treaty was signed on December 24, 1814. Another thing going on was the Hartford Convention. The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings from December 15, 1814 – January 5, 1815 in Hartford, Conn -
1800's(part 2)
United States, in which the New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government. There were lots of important people in the 1800's too, such as Andrew Jackson. His leadership in that conflict earned Jackson national fame as a military hero, and he would become America’s most influential and polarizing political figure during the 1820s. -
1800's people(part 2)
William Lloyd Garrison was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer. He is best known as the editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was an American suffragist, social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early women's rights movement. Her Declaration of Sentiments, presented at the Seneca Falls Convention held in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York, is often credited with initiating the first organized women's righ -
Innovations of 1800's(part 2)
Eli Whitney's machine of 1794, however, was the first to clean short-staple cotton, and a single device could produce up to fifty pounds of cleaned cotton in a day. This machine was called the cotton gin. Thinking this would allow less slaves to work it actually allowed more slaves having to work. The American System consited of 3 main parts. The tariff, national bank and federal subsides all were used to help the goverment work better. -
1800's people(part 1)
Henry clay was a secratary of state to Adams. Clay had the nickname the pacificator. Important for contributions to domestic policy, he emphasized economic development in his diplomacy. Dorthea Dix was a nurse, through a vigorous program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums. Nat Turner was an African-American slave who led a slave rebellion of slaves and free blacks in Southampton County, Virginia on Aug 21, 1831 -
Innovation of 1800's(part 1)
Many things that changed the world were invented in this period. Interchangeable parts will change combat. Interchangeable parts allows someone with a lower skill ability to start helping the war effort. The Erie Canal was also put in. The Erie Canal is a canal in New York that originally ran about 363 miles from Albany, on the Hudson River to Buffalo, at Lake Erie. It was built to create a navigable water route from New York City and the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes allowing more trade. -
2nd Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States, which expressed Arminian theology by which every person could be saved through revivals. It enrolled millions of new members, and led to the formation of new denominations. People wanted Utopean Communities which is a perfect community which is almost impossible to have. -
Louisianna Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase was a land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million. This will allow the US to double in size and get a heck of a deal from the French. -
Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise was an effort by Congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered by the request of Missouri late in 1819 for admission as a state in which slavery would be permitted. Now the United States would contain 22 states evenly non slavery and slavery states. -
Lone Star Republic
People wanted Manifest Destiny in the United States. Manifest Destiny is a term for the attitude prevalent during the 19th century period of American expansion that the United States not only could, but was destined to, stretch from coast to coast. The Lone star Republic at the time, Spain granted independence to Mexico in 1821, the land now comprising the state of Texas was very populated. The US just wanted all of the continent but it as hard to make everything fair for everyone. -
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine was a U.S. foreign policy regarding domination of the American continent in 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression would then mean the US would use force to get them out. -
Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses used by 19th century enslaved people of African descent in the United States in efforts to escape to free states. Thhis gave blacks a chance to get out of the Harsh South. Speaking of South a lady by the Name of Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Toms Cabin which made the South look very bad for beating and how they treated slaves. Harriet has not even been to the south to see it with her own eyes. -
Tariff of abominations
The Tariff of 1828 was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States. Nullification was used in this time to. Nullification s a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional. This gave the staes more power thats what the states want. -
Idian Removal Act
The Indian Removal Act was passed by Congress on May 28, 1830, during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. The law authorized the president to negotiate with southern Indian tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their ancestral homelands. -
Wilmot Proviso
The Wilmot Proviso was designed to eliminate slavery within the land acquired as a result of the Mexican War. Not all states liked the sound of that so they came up with the Compromise of 1850. This Compromise made Utah, New Mexico, and Califonia to be Popular Sovereignty because they gined that new land from Mexico. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
This treaty officially entitled the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits and Settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic, is the peace treaty signed on February 2, 1848, in the Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo. This peace was great for both US and Mexico.Giving the US California bring the California Gold Rush. The Gold Rush began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. This time brought US great wealth and riches -
Gadsen Purshase
The Gadsden Purchase is a 29,640-square-mile region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that was purchased by the United States. We problbly wouldnt be living here if it were not for this Purshase. -
Kansas Nebraska act
This act allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Lots of people wont like this because they pretty much just ripped the compromise in half like if they were breaking a law. -
Dred Scott
Dred Scott was an enslaved African American man in the United States who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom and that of his wife and their two daughters in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case of 1857. This was big in this time because it showed how much African Americans have no right AT ALL in this era. -
Harpers Ferry
John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry was an effort by white abolitionist John Brown to initiate an armed slave revolt in 1859 by taking over a United States arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia. It came out unsuccessful for hime because mostly everyone bailed and he was left to be hung. It showed how supportive he was to the African American cause. -
Anaconda Plan
Winfield Scott designed it. Split the south in two was the plan. Weakended the Confederacy. Used classic divide and conquer. It was used from 1861 to 1865. They cut off Confederate resources. -
Battle of Fort Sumter
In Charlston Harbor, Famous for being the first shot of the civil war. South was very happy and North wasnt. Confederates of the United States opened fire on the union holding Charlston. Beauargard was for the Confederates and Robert Anderson was for the Union. -
Battle of Bull Run
Union led by Irving McDowell. Confederate was led by Stonewall Jackson. Confederate victory raised south a lot. Lincoln replace the union general after this battle -
Battle of Shiloh
The North had a line that the confederates tried to break through by attacking at the camps The confederates thought they were going to win but the union brought more solgiers and the war ended where it started. Buells and Grant were for the union and Beuaregard was for the confederates. Took a lot of men from the south. -
Battle of Bull run 2
Union was led by John Pope, Irving McDowell. Confederates had Robert E Lee and Stonewall Jackson.tonewall jackson attacked pope. -
Battle of Antietam
Robert E Lee for the confederates and Mclellan for the union. The bloodiest battle in the war. Big win for the South. Lee biggest push to get to the north but the line didnt break. -
Battle of Fredericksburg
Confederate Victory. Union had Amberose Burnside, and the Confederates had Robert E Lee. Gives moral to the south. Have something they are fighting for. Out numbered by 30000 men and still won. -
Battle of Chancellorsville
Confederate victory. Union had a bigger army but they still lost meaning they lost a lot more men. Known as a perfect battle because of the risk Lee took and succeeded. On May 1, Hooker advanced from Chancellorsville toward Lee, but the Confederate general split his army in the face of superior numbers, leaving a small force at Fredericksburg to deter Maj. Gen. John Sedgwick from advancing, while he attacked Hooker's advance with about four-fifths of his army. -
Battle of Vicksburg
Siege of Vicksburg. Union cut of the supply of condfederates and made them surrender. Union had 77,000 solgiers compared to 33.000 in confederates.John C Pemberton for the Confederates and Ulysses s Grant for the Union. -
Battle of Gettysburg
Robert E Lee was for the confederates. George Meade was the union leader. Largest battle ever fught in North America.The Union won. A lot of solgiers in this battle. Perhaps a turning point in the war. Gettysburg address. -
Battle of Petersburg
Robert E Lee for the confederates and Ulysses S Grant for the union. Union built trenches around the confederates to cut the off their supplies and the union won makeing the confederate retreat. -
Battle of Alanta
Shermon andJohnston and Mcpherson were for the union and Hood was for the confederates. The union took the win becuase they had strong defense and this war made it possible for Licoln to be the president -
Shermans March to The Sea
Sherman’s soldiers didn’t destroy any towns on their 285 mile journey.However, they stole food and livestock -
Appomatox Court House
The last push the Confederates had on the union but the union had way to many troops so the confederates had to surrender. The union was led by Grant and the confederates wer led by Lee. -
Freemens Bureau
Was established in 1865 by Congress to help former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the U.S. Civil War. They did not just want the peple to suffer so they set up this bureau to help. It shows that people still wanted to help the enemy we just went to war with. On the other hand though the South made the black code. Slaves just became free and the South twisted the rules. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom. -
Period: to
Reconstruction
Abraham Lincoln started planning for the reconstruction of the South during the Civil War as Union soldiers occupied huge areas of the South. The South had just lost the war and its weird for the North to just not punish someone they just beat in a war. There were Radical republicans that wanted the south to suffer and didddent care about them at all. -
The civil rights act of 1866
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 granted citizenship and the same rights enjoyed by white citizens to all male persons in the United States without distinction of race or color. This would be the first time slaves could be classified as citizens which for them was a big step. This act then became the 14th amendmend which just insured this law would be taken seriously. Then came the 15th amendment giving the right to vote to African Americn males which is some what like winning the lottery for them. -
Enforcement acts
The Enforcement Acts were three bills passed by the United States Congress between 1870 and 1871. They were criminal codes which protected African-Americans' right to vote, to hold office, to serve on juries, and receive equal protection of laws. This shows how much the government is starting to care about the blacks. -
Reconstruction types of people
Sharecropping is a system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land. The people that did this were called sharecroppers. Then there were not so much good people such as the KKK. The first organization sought to overthrow the Republican state governments in the South during the Reconstruction Era, especially by using violence against African American leaders. They were extremely racist and deadly.
