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Asians come to the Americas over the Bering Straight and become known as Indians; Columbian Exchange: trading of diseases, goods, and food between the "Old World" and the "New World"; Conquistadors - Gold, God, Glory; lots of Natives die.
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Before Elizabeth, England was a hot mess; Elizabeth takes over and stabilizes the economy and social structure; she makes Protestantism the main religion and wants to start colonies overseas.
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Sir Walter Raleigh is sent by Elizabeth to set up a colony off the coast of Carolina; they get lost.
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Virginia; "Starving Time" because they sent businessmen who can't fish, hunt, build houses, etc.; John Smith comes and stabilizes them
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John Rolfe!; the problem with tobacco is that it dries out soil, so they have to keep taking land from Indians; they finally have a colony that is making money; Serial Monogomy - the guys keep dying, so women keep marrying and making money
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Plymouth MA; Puritan dissenters (Separatists); Mayflower Compact agreeing to primitive self-government; rough first winter; Squanto helps them grow corn; first "corny" Thanksgiving, then they flourish.
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Northeast war between colonists in NE and the Indians
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Indentured Servants - men from Europe whose passage to America is paid for, and they earn it by working for 4-7 years unpaid; Bacon is a freed indentured servant who was mad that there was land or women for them when they were done their term. This makes we need a new system of labor in the South so we will start importing slaves.
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NE: MA, CT, NH, RI
Midatlantic: NY, NJ, DE, MD, PA, VA
South: GA, NC, SC -
Freedom of speech/press
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French and English are fighting over Ohio River Valley in America; 7 years; Indians sided with whoever thought would benefit them, but sided more heavily with French, hoping they would get land back if English leave; Washington gets military experience
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England and Americans win; get Canadian territory and the port of New Orleans; England also gets a huge amount of DEBT that they are going to charge to the colonists
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England puts boundary along Appalachain mountains saying colonists can't go west because they want conflict with Indians; colonists get mad and ignore it
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Tax on sugar coming from non-english colonies in the West Indies
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QA: Colonists have to provide housing and fuel for British soldiers
SA: Colonists have to get 'official g'vt stamp' on most paper products (newspapers, playing cards, licenses, etc.) -
Tax on glass, other paper goods, etc.
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Colonists get angry
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Drunk colonists provoke British soldiers with ice-balls; British soldiers get mad and someone fires into the crowd, inciting a riot in which multiple colonists, including African American Crispus Attucks, were shot. British soldiers are put on trial, defended by future president John Adams, and are found innocent.
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Since the 13 colonies are all separate, Sam Adams starts this to ensure effective and timely communication for conversations about boycotting, meeting, and discussing the current events going on with the British.
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They are mad the British East India Co. has the monopoly on tea; so colonists disguise themselves as Indians and throw the tea overboard from the ship in Boston Harbor
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British pass 4 intolerable acts, including closing Boston Harbor until the colonists pay back the tea company; colonists meet at the First Continental Congress and decide to form The Association which will organize boycott of British goods
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"Shot Heard 'Round the World"; first battle of the American Revolution; British threaten to arrest big Patriots and capture the weapons in the arsenals in those towns; British win first battle; Paul Revere etc. warns others of British attack; colonists win Concord
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Second Continental Congress - send Olive Branch Petition to King George III but they also form the Continental Army and put GDubs in charge; Army gets cannons from Ticonderoga that they bring down to use at Bunker Hill; Colonists lose Bunker Hill but show they are scruffy and will fight
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T.Paine; document saying why we should fight, it is "common sense"; precursor for Declaration of Indepdence; big country should not be governed by little country!
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Reps from each colony sign Declaration of Independence; it is read from the balcony of the Old State House
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Washington crosses the Delaware and snuck up on drunky British and beat them and finally get the upper hand
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America's first attempt at g'vt; 13 reps, each state gets one vote; need 9/13 votes to make major changes; need 7/13 votes for minor changes; not have the power to tax, consolidate debt, make a national currency, make interstate regulations; only thing it does well is establish a process to populate NW Territory and make those into states
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General Cornwallis surrenders to GDubs
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Britain acknowledges we are a country but they don't like or want to trade with us
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Shays was a Rev War Vet who never got paid; he was being taxed and threatened to be put in debtor's prison; he got other farmers together to storm an arsenal in Springfield MA; the state took a long time to get the militia there showing we needed a stronger central g'vt
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Disscuss how to fix AOC but can't; propose VA Plan and NJ Plan - compromise with the Great Compromise which says Senate will have equal representation (2 from each state) and House will have proportional representation; also create the 3/5 Compromise to settle dispute between North and South
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Federalists like Constitution; anti-federalists don't like it because they say it gives too mcuh power to the federal government
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First 10 Amendments to the Constitution, guarenteeing rights taht are not explicitly listed in the Constitution (freedom of speech, religion, press, bear arms)
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Democratic-Republicans and Federalists
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Excise tax is applied to whiskey; farmers get mad and rebel; this rebellion is crushed by the new federal milita and it shows the fed g'vt works
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Adams; limits freedom of speech; they are Unconstitutional but hey expire after a couple years
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Jefferson is elected and beats Adams; first change of political party in the White House
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Between US and Great Britain; we are mad that Engalnd is not taking us seriously, they are "impressing" our sailers, and they are encouraging Indians to fight us
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Ends War of 1812; Jacksonw as important; Battle of New Orleans; GB will take us seriously; starts the Era of Good Feelins (whcih may or may not be 'good')
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Missouri joins the Union as a slave state and Maine joins the Union as a free state to keep the balance in the Senate; create a boundary for no slavery
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Textile mills using steam power; steamboats; cottin gin; trains; single women from the farms;
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Jackson passes this moving the "Five Civilized Tribes" out of the South; Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole; Trail of Tears; go to Oklahoma
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Lyman Beecher starts preaching about going back to church and fixing the things wrong with society; want Suffrage and Temperance (Dorothea Dix, Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony); Horacce Mann does school reform; Dorothea Dix does prison reform; Frederick Douglas and William Lloyd Garrison does abolitionist stuff (newspapers, speeches, etc.)
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Americans want to control all of North America from the Atlantic to the Pafici; it is our God given right
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People in Ireland start starving so they are coming to America in huge numbers; they are dsicriminated against because 1. they are Catholic; 2. they are poor so they take any job for little money and live in crappy houses in cities; 3. there are SOOOOOOO MANY OF THEM; discriminated against "No Irish Need Apply"
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NY; women get together to talk about suffrage
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Mexican American War; fought over territory that belonged to Spain, including Texas; President Polk; John Tyler (future president) fights in this war); we gain a whole bunch of territory
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People head to California and Alaska to mine for gold! Yukon territory; influx of immigrants from China on the west coast
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CA enters as a free state; South gets a strengthened Fugitive Slave Act; Utah and NM Territory get Popular Sovereignty; this angers people because it undoes the boundary set for no slavery north in the Missouri Compromise
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Harriet Beecher Stowe; makes everyone all upset and says 'what a disgusting country we have made'; people start pressuring g'vt to end slavery; Lincoln tells HBS "You are the little woman who started this great war."
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Popular Sovereignty in these states
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Black people are still not people; they are property and do not have the right to sue in the Supreme Court
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Lincoln runs against Stephen Douglas for the presidency; Lincoln makes famout "House Divided" speech and wins presidency in 1860; this is the beginning of the Civil War
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black abolitionist who led slaves in rebellion to take over an arsenal; they get caught, John Brown is hung, and this makes souterners realllllllllllllyyyyyyyyy nervous
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Fort Sumter is an arsenal in the Confederate States of America and is manned by Norhterners; the South tells them to leave, they don't, so the South fires on the fort forcing the soldiers to leave
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"Civil War" about voting for popular sovereignty; Brooks beats Sumner with a cane because Sumner made an impassioned speech about ending slavery and Brooks was a southerner and doesn't like him and beats him
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Deep South; Confederate States of America; president Jefferson Davis; form Confederate Army; led by Robert E. Lee
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11 states total secede from the Union
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Bloodiest battle of the Civil War
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People can go west and they get 20 acres and a mule if they famr for 7 years; they want to populate the west
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Turning point of the war; the Union is now winning
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Conscription; people can buy their way out for $200; only white "native" Americans can afford this; Irish immigrants comprise the Union army; draft riots in NYC
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Frees in the slaves, technically only in the rebelling states but it is later expanded
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General Sherman marches through Atlanta and pillages and burning all the way to the Atlantic ocean
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Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia to Ulysses Grant
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Johnson takes over; John Wilkes Booth killed him
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Bans slavery forever
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Divides the south into military zones and puts Unions soldiers there; white northerners who go South to educate and help blacks (they are really only successful with education); Black Codes are started by the Southerners to prevent the slaves from being productive citizens; Johnson tries to Veto most Civil Rigths Acts bieng passed, but Congress overrides the veto
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All native born people are citizens, regardless of "race, gender, or previous condition of servitude"
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Johnson is impeached because he is vetoing everything; he is acquitted by 1 vote; he returns to office and pardons all major Confederate leaders
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All male citizens have the right to vote
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Compromise of 1877: President Hayes (R) can become president IF the North takes Union troops out of the South and officially ends Reconstruction
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Rockefeller, Carnegie, Morgan; oil, steel, railroads; monopolies and trusts
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Chester A. Arthur takes over
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We don't like Chinese people, so they put a quote on the immigrants that can come in
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Teddy Roosevelt, Taft, Jane Addams, yellow journalism, muckraking, Wison, Populist, Upton Sinclair,settlement houses, tenements, child labor, triangle shirtwaist factory fire, working hour reforms, child labor reforms, National Parks, FDA, McKinley, voting improvements, unions
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Separate but Equal is OKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
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USS Maine is blown up by Cuba; McKinley declares war and TR leads the "Rough Riders" in a short war in which we end up with control over Cuba and the Philippines
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TRoosvelt becomes president
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"Speak softly and carry a big stick"
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Direct Election of Senators