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Books (1920's Literature)
The best muckracking articles were usually collected and published as best-selling books. -
Magazines (1920's Literature)
Irish Immigrant Samuel Sidney Mclure founded McClure's magazine and it became a major success of muckracking articles. -
Religious Fundamentalism
A religious movement, with the motives of returning to the foundations of faith and influence state policy. -
Scientific Modernism
Began to discount supernatural sources of Christain faith and belittled literal interpretations of Biblical passages. -
Business Doctrine Involving Republicab Rule (1920's Politics)
The death of Roosevelt led to the return of Conservative Republicabs which emphasized limited government regulation to stabilize business. The idea was that the nation would benefit if business ad profits too lead in developibg economy. -
18th Amendment
Prohibited the sale of alcohol. -
Palmer Raid
Due to the Red Scare, a series of raids led by U.S attorney General to deport anarchists and radicals from America. -
F. Scott Fitzgerald (1920's Literature)
american author of short stories and novels, wrote about the jazz age and was a member of the "lost generation." -
The Lost Generation (1920's Literature)
Ernest Hemingway made this term popular, any men who had been through world war 1 and were now in their mid twenties to thirties,
many died and others were too old to learn new trades. -
T.S Elliot
Poet, dramatist, literary critic, editor, modernism, american by birth, british from 1927 on. Created seven plays and won nobel prize in literature in 1948. -
Harlem Renaissance (1920' African American Identity)
Harlem was largest African-American community in America and was located in NYC. Led to development of cultural center for actors, writers, poets, artists, musicians and promoted sense of unity and belonging among African-American community, helping to acclimate. -
United Negro Improvement Association (1920's African American Identity)
Founded by Marcus Garvey to promote resettlement of American blacks in African homeland. It sponsored stores and business to make money, but many efforts failed financially but helped to inspire blacks to gain self-confidence and self-reliance. -
Langston Hughes (1920's African American Identity)
Poet of Harlem Renaissance who wrote of struggles of African-Americans and discrminiation/segregation as well as of pride in balck identity and was also a social activist who advocated black rights. -
Louis Armstrong (1920's African American Identity)
Jazz musician originating from Harlem Renaissance, arguing for a "New Negro" who had equality. -
Marcus Garvey (1920's African American Identity)
Political leader from Harlem who was Jamaican-born and advocated racial pride, economic self-sufficiency. As well as founded United Negro Improvement Association to promote resettlement of Blacks in homeland. -
The Literature of Alienation (1920's Culture)
Writers of postwar decade were known as the lost generation and industrial design/functionalism influenced architects and painters. -
Gender Roles, Family, Education (1920's Culture)
Women were given the right to vote but used it in favor for the men. Technologies eased the homemaker duties but they did not eliminate it. A revolt against the classic morals was from the flappers. -
Religion (1920's Culture)
New ways to define faith were established, but protestants condemmend modernists and told them the bible must be interpreted literally. Radio spread these new religious ideas rapidly. -
Mass Production (1920's Economy)
The assembly line created by Ford gained worker productivity which helped the economy grow. -
Labor Problems (1920's Economy)
Membership in unions declined due to open shop which was nonunion workers were only employed and welfare capitalism which was offering benefits and high wages to remove unions. -
Republican Control (1920's Politics)
Three Republican Presidents were elected during the 1920's thus causing business to boom and farmers and unions to struggle. -
Farm Problems (1920's Economy)
Farmers who borrowed land during WW1 to expand their land were in debt, so they used chemical fertilizers and gasoline tractors in attempt to increase production, however, it only increased the debts to surplus goods. -
Presidency of Warren Harding (1920's Politics)
He appointed able men to his cabinet but were soon criticized for corruption due to a cabinet member accepting bribes for oil leases. Harding approved reduction to income tax and increase in tariff rates under Tariff Act of 1922, and establishes in Bureau of Budget to place expenses in one budget. -
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
Large tax proposed by Congress, which backfired on American economy. -
Economic Development in Postwar Recession (1920's Economy)
America was concentrated on economic growth and social change. Business prospered even though there was economic disaster after the recession. Standards of living imporved and income increased even though most families still had their incomes in the poverty range. -
Increased Consumption (1920's Economy)
The increased use of oil and electricity was used for power factories and automobiles. The government supported the growth of business and did not enforce the anti-trust laws that were created prior to the 1920's. This increased energy consumption thus driving the economy up. -
Presidency of Calvin Coolidge
He had the motto of "the business of America is business". Believed business should conduct its own affairs although he closely watched the budget. Also vetoed bonuses for WW1 veterans and the bill to help farmers with failing crop prices. -
Hoover, Smith, and the Election of 1928 (1920's Politics)
Coolidge declined to run for presidency so Hoover was chosen and promised to extend "Coolidge Prosperity". -
Consumerism (1920's Culture)
Appliances and automobiles became affordable allowing for advertising and the allotment of credit. This production of automobiles impacted families lives and replaced railroads as key economic growth. -
Stock Market Crash
Created overproduction, producong more goods than what was being purchased, unemployment, debt from people not being able to pay back loans, speculation, banks losing money, and farm prices dropped because of other countries production. -
Jazz Age and The Harlem Renaissance (1920's Culture)
The Jazz Age was a symbol of new and modern culture brought by African Americans while the Harlem Renaissance was the largest black comminity focused actors, artists, musicians, etc. -
Okies
Name of those who left the Dust Bowl in search of a better life. -
Dust Bowl
Natural Disaster where midwest dust from millions of dry land was blown into the air and carried as far as Boston. -
The Three "R's"
Roosevelt's New Deal Program served as a way to relief people from out of work, recovery for business and the economy, and the reform of economic institutions. -
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
One of Hoover's policies to help depression, gave 1.5 billion in loans to railroads, mortgage companies, and banks. -
"Trickle-Down" Economics
Hoover's economic policy that helped the rich and not the common folk. Hopes that giving money to the rich will "trickle-down" in the form of jobs and salaries for the people. -
Industrial Relief Programs
The key program of FDR's New Deal was the establishment of the National Recovery Administration (NRA) which provided long-term and immediate relief, but it was later declared unconstitutional by the supreme court in 1935. -
Financial Recovery Plans
As the finanacial part of the New Deal programs FDR enacted four programs to help fix the banks. Federal Deposit Insurance Company (insurance on deposits of up to 5,000 dollars.) -
Repeal of Prohibition
F.D.R made a campaign promise to repeal Prohibition and raise more tax money for congress by passing the Beer-Wine Revenue tax, which legalized the sale of beer and wine. The 21st amendment was then passed to repeal the 18th. -
Programs for the Unemployed
Many of the programs created during the Hundred Days were related to the aid of unemployed workers such as: the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (offers federal grants to states and local governments that operated soup kitchens), the Public Works Administration (gave money to states for building roads or other public work which sourced jobs), and the Civilian Conservation corps. -
21st Amendment
Ended the prohibition of alcohol in the 18th Amendment. -
The Securities and Exchange Commission
The SEC was created to regulate the stock market and make strict limits on kinds of speculative practices that aided in the market crash of 1929. -
The Civil Works Administration
The CWA was added to the PAW and many other New Deal Programs as a way to create jobs by hiring laborers for temporary construction jobs. -
Rural Electrification Administration
The REA provided loans for electrical cooperatives, so they could supply power to rural areas. -
National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)
The Wagner Act guarantees worker's the right to join a union and union's have the right to bargain collectively, -
Resettlement Administration (RA)
The administration provided loans to sharecroppers, small farmers, and tenants, and it also established federal camps for migrant workers. -
Works Progress Administrations (WPA)
The WPA spent billions of dollars to help provide jobs for people from 1935 to 1940. -
Social Security Act
The social security act was created as a federal insurance programs that automatically collects tax money from employees and employers during their work careers and then will be given back monthly to the employee at the age of 65. -
Federal Taxes
A revenue act was enacted and as a result, it significantly increased taxes on the income of the wealthy few, capital gains, and large gifts. -
Bracero Program
An agreement with Mexican that brought many Mexican agricultural workers across the border to harvest fruit and grain crops.
