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Jamestown Virginia was the first succesful English settlement. Most others failed or died. Jamestown started rough and struggled, but after help from Natives and prospering slowly they began to thrive. But the starving time killed 60-70% of people from the start. Shortly after starting success, they discovered tobacco, a new cash crop to grow. The success from the settlement started the headright system to bring more people and population. And it worked. -
Jamestown a few years in was very successful. They had many indentured servants working, but soon they realized that there was an easier way to make and save money. While the south and north began to show two separate ways of life, one way was through slavery. Larger southern farms had 5-20 slaves while northern smaller farms had 1-4. This started something that would go on for many hundreds of years before African-Americans could have their freedom again. -
As more people migrated over to the new world, more religion and freedoms started to show up. People began to question the nature of power and rights. With the enlightenment came many new religious concepts and ideas, new forms of government, spirituality search, and individual rights. All these came from what's called, "The Great Awakening." This came with more religious and spiritual concepts while people searched for what they believed in. (1720-1750) -
The war on the new unknown land of the new world where the colonies lay nearby. England fighting with France and the Native Americans. After a win this gained much land for England, but also much debt. Also known as the seven years war though, ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris. And along with the end and the also looming Albany Act came the thoughts of conjoining colonies. Which would soon spark up more. -
The sugar act was implemented to replace the molasses act of 1733. It set tax rates through the roof, making very unreasonable prices to buy and import tea and sugar. Along with bringing up constitutional issues and revived fears of many. The sugar act is going to be one of the biggest effects on American-English history. And one of the many acts and taxes to come to the colonies in the near years.
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After years of taxes and acts, the people of the colonies were over it. The Sons of Liberty decided to do something about it. They dressed up as Indians, climbed onto a British tea ship, and dumped 10,000 pounds of tea into the Boston harbor. One of the biggest events in American history which would later lead to more taxes and then even the Revolutionary War. -
The British government continued to pile acts and taxes on the new colonies. Many stole and cheated their way through not paying them, but with these acts came ways they had to pay for essentially everything. This was a way to basically remind the colonies you submit to us, they added a Boston Port bill, Massachusetts government act, a new quartering act, and the justice act. This was what set off the colonies. Specifically the Sons of Liberty. -
The midnight ride of Paul Revere warned the minutemen and army of the British heading for their weapon stash at Concord. Confronting, they met at Lexington, the first shot is still unknown as to who shot first but this started off the Revolutionary War. The British eventually retreaded, 73 dead, 174 wounded, and 26 M.I.A. The colonists though, 49 dead, and only 39 wounded. They won their first battle against the global superpower. -
In Philadelphia, a month after the revolution starts, all 13 colonies join together to talk about the future of their country. The whole point was to get an agreed letter of peace to send to the King, basically saying that they are free nation and the King doesn't tax them. The Olive Branch Petition letter was sent to the King. He rejects the whole thing and claims the colonies as open rebellions. They now set up the continental congress and appointed a leader. -
Written by a collective of the American/Colonial politicians, was the true declaration that the new country of American is separate from the United Kingdom. John and Sam Adams, Jefferson, and many other founding fathers drafted together the declaration and finished it in July. -
The battle of Saratoga became a major turning point in the war. A major British general John Burgoyne and his army were planning to move south where'd he combine his forces with two other armies. After marching there, the armies weren't there, hes quickly surrounded and overtaken. A major victory and overtake for the colonies in the war. Eighteen day long battle between the two, the Continental Army won. -
The first true American written document. It was actually one of the worst decisions written down, especially for a new government and country. They didn't write in a executive branch or a standing army. And on a more fear based they wrote that the federal government wouldn't collect taxes. -
A retreating Cornwallis was running through the south away from the colonial army, and found his way on the coast of Virginia, Yorktown. He ran there hoping for protection from the Navy, however he didn't know that the French had defeated the British Navy. Being surrounded by all sides, French and Colonial, they surrendered. -
First invented by Thomas Savery and James Watt, the steam engine powers mechanical equipment using steam. And this would completely change transportation and the effectiveness of moving across the country and states. These would help the creations of the steam boat, which also helped with many transporting their made goods and agriculture to sell. This would boom in the North, especially the Mid-West with all the lakes and connections. -
Slaves now counted as 3/5ths of a person, this would lead to the total population amount changed. Because of this it would change voting and representatives in certain states that went off population. -
Hamilton had been coming up with a whole new financial plan to run the United States. For around a year he had been making it himself, it wasn't until 1790 he asked congress to charter it. It was approved by congress and then sent off to the President. But Jefferson claimed it to be unconstitutional, he fought back against it over and over again. Eventually though, Washington signed it. The legislation for it went off and it would have a protection on it that would need to be renewed every year.
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Right around this time new inventions were being made. Industry began booming and people were making more and more things to make everyday life, transportation, and agriculture. Eli Whitney made one of the most effective and fast paced inventions for southern plantations. The cotton gin would removes seeds from cotton fiber on its own. It helped with the crazy amount of time cotton takes to make and made it ten times more profitable.
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Alien acts allowed the president to deport any alien considered dangerous. Especially during this time fears were very high. Sedations acts made it illegal for newspaper to print any material that is critical of the president or congress. Basically making it so that you couldn't post about your opinion (which is unconstitutional.) -
The first establishment and declaration of the principle of Judicial review. Basically saying that American courts have the power to to strike down laws that they find violate the constitution. So the congress can declare things "unconstitutional", this would bring up a lot of questions and ideas against and for it. -
Buying the Louisiana land from France (Napoleon) for a relatively cheap price. Getting all that land for around 15 million. It was a huge gain for the new country. Still figuring out most of their government this did bring up some constitutional problems, especially about how to sell or give out that much land. Along with trying to figure out whats there in the land, so now they needed to discover it. -
After the Louisiana Purchase, tons of land was needed to be discovered. Meriwether Lewis, a personal secretary of president Jefferson, and William Clark, an army officer, set off. From St. Louis, they had both their parties and eventually gained a group of Native Americans to help them around the unknown land. They ended their expedition around 1806. -
Great Britain and France have come to war again. Still trying to set up a good trading and profit system for the new country we decided to start making treaties. But with the treatyies comes trading deals. The embargo act happens to be one. During the war between two countries were allies with, we don't wanna pick sides. Jefferson wants to stay neutral so he puts an embargo (ban) on all foregin trade. The act became very unpopular and in fact does terrible damage to the economy. -
After many issues with Britain, especially since they were interrupting trade. So many states were against it and wouldn't help in the fight. But around 1813 the British were clearly winning. Around 1814, a fleet charged the U.S. capitol and burned it. After an un-needed war that went on for two years, Britain asked for peace. -
American forces at New Orleans, led by the General Andrew Jackson, inflicts many many casualties on the British army. They lose 2,042 British soldiers to the 71 American soldiers. The major point of this though is that Andrew Jackson becomes extremely popular after this. His victory runs through the south and people absolutely love him. -
The decision made by congress about the second bank of the United States in 1816. It allowed bank to set up state branches. This competed with the state-chartered banks. Basically overall scoping down the US federal and legislative power. -
Free will and more spirituality was being discovered and explored by tons more people. Especially since the harsh puritans ideals were slowly leaving. The Church became a huge turning point for social change and were very involved in social improvements. Women were given bigger roles and a larger voice in the overall workings of the country. Social change became the main factor, and many women advocated for tons. And the newer middle class began growing. -
A major social movement around this time was the "no alcohol" movement. The church and many family women backed this. Most people were blaming their problems (family problems and more) on alcohol. The root of most peoples problems began to be blamed on it, and honestly they aren't very off. So the temperance movement to not consume alcohol started to consume communities. And many saloons or taverns were even closed because of this. -
Publishing the liberator to bring attention to slavery and to add to the movement of abolitionism. Abolitionism was the huge movement to end slavery and William Lloyd Garrison was one of the biggest advocators for it. He was very powerful with his way of words, speech, and presentation. He could really move a group of people with how passionate he was. The liberator became popular almost instantly and spread throughout America, of course though the south was against it. -
After the Mexican American war had started and the Americans were holding their ground in Texas. Well, realistically they were Texans not being apart of the U.S. yet. But they fought, outnumbered against the Mexican army. Davey Crocket being a huge name standing there fighting amongst his men. Every single person who was at the Alamo was killed, not a single survivor for the Texans. This would become the biggest rally for Americans. They were slaughtered and they were gonna do something. -
The people who had moved out west into the new Great Plains realized the struggle of trying to farm. The thick grass above the fertile soil made it hard to break through. The steal plow was created to break through the grass and cut through deep soil. The plow in combination with the reaper, the two would completely transform the plains into a wheat production area. -
Westward movement grew greatly. The new land out west needed to be discovered, and the land that is now Texas (owned by Mexico at the time) invited Americans to immigrate to it. Only problem, it was getting too full. After trying to stop the immigration it didn't work. They now had a whole area that was inhabited by Americans. Even worse for Mexico, they wanted the land to themselves. And the land discussion, started something ten times worse. -
A now annexed and secured Texas apart of America and the almost completely overtaken Mexico was finally surrendering. After fighting not very long, they were almost completely taken over, but we stopped. Making the treaty we got quite a lot of land. Securing that the Rio Grande was Texas's southern border, making Texas ours as well, and gaining the later to be known states of Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, and California. Not the U.S. was coast to coast. -
A convention put on by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott was a huge women's suffrage movement convention. The convention was made to talk about the future of the movement and the focus of the work they are doing. Other social movements were also happening though. Around this time some woman changed from their own movement to the abolition movement, because without the freed African Americans women wouldn't be able to vote. -
After Kansas became a state they needed to vote for either being a free state or a slave state. They looked like they were going to become a northern free state but pro-slavery ruffians from Missouri stormed the state and cause chaos. After this everything went down hill. Retaliations, one after another, continued, and it carried even after the voting happened and they turned out to be a slave state. So many terrible things occurred, including murders and massacres of whole towns. -
After the Union declared war from southern succession, the Civil War was under way. One of the major plans made by the North was to cut off the south by water. Completely surrounding the southern coasts with the Unions strong navy would cut off their supplies from outer areas and their output. From this the southern economy died. Prices raised like crazy and any sort of aid coming from any other places was cut off. The south was struggling. -
Written by Abe Lincoln, freed slaves in the rioting states. While this doesn't exactly seem like it would work because the southern states weren't technically in the Union. But the slaves were officially freed in the southern states. Many ran to the northern states. The emancipation also claimed that if you were to join the union again you could keep your states. Not one state did. Some states after even still kept their slaves, like Tennessee and New Orleans. -
After the War, Lincoln needed to bring the succeeded states back into the Union. So reconstruction began. With his 10% plan, they states needed ten percent of their population to sign and pledge to an oath, the state had to accept the emancipation of slaves, and he would allow pardons for some confederate leaders. Many hated this plan and wished it to be harsher for the states to join back. But Lincoln just wanted the union whole again. -
After Lincolns 10% plan came out, people were upset. Many republicans wanted harsher consequences for the rebel states. So some radical republicans came up with a bill of their own. 50%of the state would have to do the oath, only non-confederates would be allowed to vote, and no pardons for any confederate officer or holder of office. Lincoln refused to sign the bill, but then he was assassinated. -
The emancipation proclamation freed slaves in southern rebellious states. After the war a lot of states still held their slaves. The 13th amendment would be what gives all slaves freedom and ban any form of slavery in all of the union. The slaves were officially freed now. -
After the 13th amendment slaves are freed, and a lot are struggling starting a life or feeling safe. The freedmen's bureau is created to help the newly freed blacks, it helps start up schools, securing loans, providing legal aid, negotiating new labor contracts for workers, and helping find and purchase land. -
At wars end, General Lee and his men continue to retreat further and further away from the Unions trailing not far behind. Grant decided to get on both sides of Lee. He split up his troops and sent them around while continuing to follow not far behind. Eventually, being completely surrounded, Lee surrenders. Handing over his sword to General Grant, the war was officially over. -
One of the first ever labor unions created, the NLU (national labor union) was all white, all male labor union force. They focused solely on the skilled craftsmen who now work in the upcoming and greater building factories. They pushed for many things like 8 hour long days, rights in the workforce, rest and days off, vacation, and more. By 1870 they had over 600,000 members. The NLU would start off the rights for the work force. -
While the republicans still hold major power against Johnson, they passed the Tenue of Office Act to protect themselves against Johnson. Yet, he went ahead and removed the Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. Because of this he broke a legal act and the House impeached Johnson. But trying to get him fully impeached, the senate fell one vote short. Overall though, Johnson was now completely and utterly powerless. -
Created after congress had super power. Johnsons presidency was going terribly and the radical republican's had full control over everything. Writing the 14th amendment would protect many people in the united states claiming, all people born in the US were full citizens, all people that were naturalized were full citizens, all the states require to protect their citizens, and former confederate leaders can no longer hold state or federal offices. -
Created by Susan B. Anthony the national American women suffrage association was founded. Women's rights became a huge movement with the second great awakening. Advocated with the church and many others women began to fight for their rights to vote. After NAWSA was created though many other organizations and associations were created and formed after this. Many western states actually were the biggest advocators for this and pushed the heaviest for their rights. -
Not long after the NLU was founded so was the knights of labor. Led by Terrence Powderly they were the first group accept both skilled and unskilled craftsmen. Men and woman. All religions. And all races. Their main goal was to abolish the wage system. They wanted a co-operative economy of worker owned industries. They also pushed for 8 hour work days and were against child labor. By 1880 the KOF had 700,000 members. -
In the major supreme court case that would end up causing more effect in almost another hundred years, Plessy V Ferguson was decided in 1869 and forever changed the social rights justices. The decision was "Separate but Equal" is right. This allowed for the south to run wild. Segregation did not equal, equal. Jim Crow laws were put into place and because of the court order it made them legal. -
After the civil war the southern economy was absolutely destroyed. They had lost the one thing that made them tons of money, slavery. So they needed a new form to get them more money, of course thye can't wokr on their own. The new freed slaves needed jobs. The now working class blacks were looking for jobs, and the plantation owners needed workers. Sharecroppers were tricked into giving the land owner part of their own crops to live on the land and pay rent. It was truly terrible. -
Businesses changed their way of corporation heads. Moving to a much larger scale and being provided the benefits of protecting owner assets, outliving the owners, and being able to sell stock. This would raise large amounts of investments and make gain for capital very quickly. We see many large and important business heads shoot out from this change and this would forever change companies, factories, and businesses. -
After the election of 1868, people realized that African Americans needed the right to vote. Republicans quickly pushed the 15th Amendment through. It prohibited any state from denying any citizen the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. It became very unpopular in the North and won the Democratic party much needed support in the North. -
These two groups offered help and aid to new immigrants. But the aid was just the front. Machine bosses would help immigrants find jobs and cheap housing and provided aid for widows and orphans. In exchange they would be expected to be able to vote directly for those who the bosses wanted. A big known boss was Boss Tweed. The people who ran these were brutal and violent and corrupt to the new world. Most stole millions from the government and were terrible people. -
The big boss. A major man who ran the underworld of political machines and who ran the local government. A very notorious and known man of the New York city in its growing age Tweed controlled almost all of it. He operated out of his Tammany Hall and worked around the police and government, stealing from them and immigrants who he claims to "help." But he did have one enemy, Thomas Nast. -
Chicago, 1886, 1500 workers held a rally supporting the shorter workdays. After the [police tried to break up the rally someone threw a bomb into the mixed crowd. Police quickly responded to the now riot and ended up killing and injuring dozens. This quickly became a main point towards workers rights and brought a lot of attention to it. -
The dawes act was very similar to the homestead act but for native Americans. 116 acres of land was offered the every native American head of household. Some took the advantage while others wanted to stay in the same living area together as their tribe. Shortly after this started whites started to buy and sell it for themselves. Taking away the native Americans rightful land, making their reservations smaller and smaller. -
During the progressive area of America, journalists, writers, photographers, artists, etc, who exposed the "secrets" or the underground of Americas dirt poor and working class. Shining the light on things like tenement housing, the lower class, the meat industry and factory life. Showing off the underbelly of the great and growing country, they wanted the social change to happen with the growth of the rich. -
Tensions high in Cuba with Spain. And trying to protect Cuba, they showed off some power. Anchoring a naval ship in the Havana harbor the USS Maine sat peacefully. Not long after this, the ship exploded. We later found out (50 years) it was internal but during this high tensions time it was blamed on Spain. This sparked many angry Americans. And not so soon after this the War was started. -
A true rags to riches story, Carnegie was a poor Scottish immigrant working in the child labor industry. He went from street poor to owning the largest steel mill company in the world. He became one of the wealthiest men, a business savvy worker, and a ruthless competitor. But he was also some of the best. Giving back to the poor communities and helping those who needed it. Carnegie is a main man of the new industrial age. He is one of the most known people from this time. -
Roosevelt's big stick diplomacy shows off force and military preparedness aware often a deterrent for war. Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe doctrine; U.S. would intervene if European powers threatened to seize control of South or Central American nations. Portsmouth Treaty Roosevelt invites Russia and Japan to negotiate a peaceful resolution to the war. Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy gives money and guarantees loans to foreign countries in the hopes that it would strengthen economic ties. -
Using the Sherman Antitrust Act, Roosevelt begins to break up what he considers ‘bad trusts,’ but allows ‘good trusts’ to continue. Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act, Elkins and Hepburn Act regulate RR shipping rates. Roosevelt during this time of reform and fix was going crazy. He went across and did everything he could to make sure that the government didn't have excessive amounts of control, especially over the banks and money. -
One of the founders of the NAACP, but he was also the first African American to get a doctorate at Harvard. He was a huge advocate for the first round of civil rights movements in the progressive era. Speaking out publicly and politically. He was ahead of his time and it showed. He fought hard for African American rights the same time woman fought for theirs. He did go on to create something that would forever change civil rights. -
For the reform time, Taft did even more. TR did a lot during this time but after being picked BY TR, Taft had a lot to live up to. Taft breaks up more trusts, creates more national parks and preserves, creates Children's Bureau, and uneasy with a president enacting broad social reforms he allows other reforms to slide. In the next election, TR comes in with his own Bull Moose party to fight against him. Taft was extremely successful. -
A smart and ruthless business man, starting at the age of 16 in the trade, he later became the founder of Sandford oil. Which grew to be the largest oil company in the world. Another huge manufacturer to the new industrial age, Rockefeller was not so much loved, at least not as much as Carnegie. He was shunned for being reckless and careless for his workers and how poor the conditions were for his workers. Rockefeller became the man to hate. -
When the war started many many men were drafted or went off to fighting in the war. With the new industrial age this left many jobs open for people. African Americans still suffering in the south decided to move north. The wartime jobs gave these southern African Americans new jobs that would be apply to supply them and give them a solid income until the end of the war. -
The war that had begun in 1914 was just "the war over there" for most Americans. Many were either isolationists and wanted neutrality for the war. President Wilson had previously claimed that America would stay out of the war but after German unrestricted sub-warfare attacks began sinking American ships. Threats after threats and the verge of the U.S joining, the Zimmerman is interfered. The telegram is considered an act of war and America joins. -
During the time of the war, much backlash came from the US joining the war. Especially by the American people who had to be drafted or families who had to lose someone. The espionage and sedition acts of 1917 and 1918 were passed which limited Americans free speech. If any person showed criticism towards the US democracy they could and would be prosecuted. Over 2000 people were imprisoned for up to 20 years. Clearly this is a terrible abuse of power by the government. -
Around the time that Germany SHOULD have accepted defeat, they wouldn't surrender. Wilson proposes a plan for peace which he called the fourteen points. The point being to stop this war and prevent future wars. It had many points in it like, no secret alliances, no tariffs and trade barriers, reduction of arms, freedom of seas, but the biggest was the creation of the League of Nations. But even with the 14 points people were against it, as it wasn't "harsh enough." -
After the Germans agree to the armistice, Great Britain and France take over the peace treaty making. The treaty made was brutal. This was the treaty of Versailles. It ended the cold war but also essentially, ended Germany with it. All guilt was thrown onto Germany for starting the war and causing debt and deaths for millions. Germany had to pay reparations for the war to everybody. They had extremely strict restrictions to their military and made them weak. -
The Volstead Act, or the 18th amendment, was passed in 1919. This officially outlawed the manufacturing, the sale, the distribution, and the importation of alcohol nation wide. But, not the consumption. This, did way more harm than good. With the now need for alcohol, organized crime and more popped up everywhere. Bootleggers and speakeasies gave those needs to the people all under the cops noses, for over a decade. -
Fear of spreading Communism, paired with the rise of stronger unions, immigration from eastern Europe and a rash of bombings in several large cities, led the government to respond. Mitchell Palmer, Attorney General, encouraged raids of mass arrests and deportation of those suspected to be communist, anarchists', and radicalist. -
After the Great War everyone had a new sense of patriotism. Any and everyone who didn't seem to be utterly infatuated with America was ostracized and even feared. Knowing the Russian Revolution was happening, there was a new fear as well. Communism. A gained and conjoined hatred for the Communist party arose in America, this brought in the fear of immigration and a hatred for eastern immigrants. -
Henry Ford had been working to create the first car and sure enough, the early 1910's brought the first automobile. It was the model T and sold for only 850 dollars. Ford used the new method of the moving assembly, and cut the work time in half. It would originally take 12 hours and it was cut back to 9 hours. This then reduced the price to 280 dollars. With loyal employees a good workplace and even better care for the employees he was very successful. -
The major thing that added to the cause of the depression was the stock market crash. The crash caused banks to lose money, people losing their savings, debts being called in, no cash, and more financial crashing. Workers began to be fired with production coming to a halt, money consumption declined due to this, which led to less profits, and that led to more workers being fired. And the cycle continued. The Great Depression would last a decade and destroy thousands. -
Oklahoma, Texas, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, and parts of other states experienced the economic and environmental disaster that was the Dust Bowl. Overproduction and single crop farming, plowed up grasses for farms, soil exhaustion, soil erosion, drought and strong winds were all apart of this. Their crops turned to dust. Many homes were physically buried by the dirt. Whole fields just blown away. The Dust Bowl became the #1 ecological disaster to occur in the 20th century. -
World War one veterans had been promised a bonus for their service but they weren’t due to receive it until 1945. Because of the financial circumstances, many of them wanted and needed it now. Thousands marched on Washington, 1932 but their request was denied by the Senate, many left. Those who stayed congregated around the White House. After months, Hoover called out the army to disperse them. Military evicted them from D.C. and burned the camp, many veterans were injured. -
After Roosevelt was elected in 1932, he had promised to use programs and different centers to get out of the depression. He completely switched the roles in the government and their power. The New Deal was aimed at creating new agencies and programs to protect people from economic disaster and provide relief or temporary work. Loved by the people because he seems to be working tirelessly to help the American people -
The slow growing Germany hides away in the early 30's. After the treaty of Versailles was hated by the Germans and completely destroyed their economy, people were desperate for a hero. After Hitler became a higher power in Germany he was slowly breaking more and more rules. But by 1933, he was voted in as the new Chancellor of Germany. This is going to be the beginning of the end. -
It was the biggest and most progressive agency that the new deal created. By 1935 it employed 8 million and 2 billion dollar funding went towards bridges, reservoirs, irrigation, sewage, schools, playground, education, training and more. Work programs would pay the minimum wage and helped to pull people out of charity cases, soup lines, poverty, and unemployment. -
Built as a safety net for all Americans, working in paychecks and payments. Percentage of paychecks, was based on shorter life-span, and intended to supplement and not replace income. The people were less inclined to retire because they knew they would lose income. But as the change happened, more people felt more safe to retire to not lose money. Having the extra money they need to continue living. The SSA gave people an incentive to retire. -
Many welcomed the new deal. But they begin to challenge the constitutionality of parts of FDR’s legislation. Even the supreme court declares 22 different provisions to the New Deal, in an unconstitutional way. Obviously outraged, FDR threatens the supreme court with expansion to 15 members meaning he could nominate 6 new SCOTUS members. This would seal the deal with FDR’s new legislation. Many people did like FDR, but many feared the tampering of the supreme court. -
Germany invaded Czechoslovakia. Hitler had ordered the occupation of a part of Czechoslovakia (in October 1938). Many hoped that that this would be the last conquest of the Nazis. However, in March 1939, he ordered his troops to take over the remainder of Czechoslovakia. This was the first aggressive step that suggested that a war in the Europe would soon begin. Inching closer and closer to breaking the biggest rule, he wasn't stopped. -
After constant Blitzkrieg and attacks on Britain, the new threat of Germany advancing to France was very real for them. They didn't even fight for six weeks before the white flags came up. They were one of the last allies standing that hadn't been captured by the axis. Their fear alone of losing their precious city to the endless bombing was enough to let them give up early. -
May 1941, Hitler ordered a change of tactics. He decided to halt the bombing of Britain and launch an attack against Russia. Completely betraying and going against the non-aggression act he betrays Stalin in an attempt for power. He now had to fight a war on two sides. This was a bold move that would prove to be an important turning point in the war -
When the need for workers began to arise, most industries would not hire blacks. FDR signed executive order 8802 which eliminated discriminatory hiring practices in the government and forced companies to hire blacks so the nation could meet wartime production quotas. Black employment doubled during WW2. Along from the first world war, jobs for African Americans rose like crazy. They could now keep these jobs for further past the war. -
The US demanded that Japan withdraw from China and Indochina. Japan thought that attacking the US would provide them an easy win, and a territory with abundant land and resources to rule once they were victorious. The US oil embargo against Japan was hurting Japan's economy. Japan came at them in waves. Attacking and bombing specific areas at specific times, keeping it unknowing and terrifying. Everything though was done by 9:50 am. -
After the war many many young men had left their opportunities of starting college or maybe even a home. The GI bill of rights was the governments way of saying thank you to the soldiers who missed out their opportunity on school. Whether they wanted to go into a trade school or college, they would pay for it completely. It would also give low home interest and provide a low business loan. This was Americas thank you to the young men. -
FDR, Churchill and Stalin met to discuss the future of Europe after the war. During that time the United Nations is created and Germany is split into 4 occupation zones. Russia entry into the war against Japan was also discussed as Japan was still fighting. This was overall the shaking hands and calming down of WW2. But would soon start up the Cold War. -
It must continue to regard the Soviet Union as a rival, not a partner, in the political arena. It must continue to expect that Soviet policies will reflect no abstract love of peace and stability, no real faith in the possibility of a permanent happy coexistence of the socialist and capitalist worlds, but rather a cautious,-... Long term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies.” -
President Truman asked congress for 400$ million in aid plus us troops/advisors to help both Greece and Turkey fight back the communist threat. He would go on to rebuild thousands of cities with the doctrine and be able to give back to Europe their:
Power grids, water treatment ,roads ,bridges, schools and hospitals and their entire town back. Their cities and society's were given back to them through democracy. And that's what we needed in the fight against Communism. -
Largest public works project in history. Update and modernize Americas roadway. Connects the country. Played on the cold war fears. Evacuation made easier. Act as emergency runways. Cars became more of a need. Symbols of freedom and status. Make it easier for families to live further from work and travel. Closely tied to growth of suburbs and interstates -
The invasion was a failure and all the Cuban exile invasion force was either killed or captured by Castro's army. US intelligence begins receiving reports of soviet missiles in Cuba. A U-2 flight on August 29th confirmed the presence of surface to air missile batteries in Cuba. These missiles were designed to shoot down. JFK had two options, to destroy the missile sites or to stop the naval from transporting the soviet ships. He chose naval blockade. He saved America from possible nuclear war. -
Hundreds of schools in Birmingham Alabama planned to do a walk out for a march in the downtown area. Many were arrested and set free, just to go out and do it the next day. The walkout begins and "Bull" Connor stops the marches. That is through brutal and violent ways like spraying children with fire hoses releasing dogs to them. Every second of the march is recorded and televised. This prompts JFK to come out and publicly support the civil rights movement and new civil legislation. -
The SCLC plan a march, a rally, on Washington D.C., with support from the NAACP, SNCC, and CORE. People from all over fly in. 250,000 people are in attendance, but with the televised version, any and every who wanted to see it could. People bus in from all over the country to listen to preaches, speeches, music, and more. This is probably most famous for Martin Luther King Jrs speech, "I have a dream." -
Finally signed into act after years and years of protests, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was put into play. It prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin. Completely segregating everything and making sure that Jim Crow laws and discrimination wouldn't happen anywhere in the south ever again. -
People protesting the lack of voting rights, 600 marchers attempted the march first from Selma to the capital. The marchers were brutally attacked and it became known as Bloody Sunday. A second attempt happened with 2500 marchers but at Pettus Bridge were turned back by police. By the third march, over 25,000 protestors marched, protected by over 2000 troops successfully and march into the capital. -
Signed in by Lyndon B. Johnson, it completely bans discrimination in local, states, and national elections, and polling places. After the Selma to Montgomery march it was made clear that voting laws needed to be changed. It bans literacy tests, intimidation, and physical violence or anything stopping you from voting. -
Martin Luther King Jr had been one of the biggest changes to the civil rights movement and had single-handedly changed multiple thousands of peoples lives. When he was shot in 1968 a major shift happened. His death didn't just bring an end to him as an era but it brought forward the next generation. Malcom X who had already died had the concept of using force and black power. African Americans everywhere decided to follow that. From non-violent to power in our hands, now.
