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Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer, had set sail from Spain on August 3rd, 1492. His goal was to find an all water route to Asia which he eventually did two months and nine days later. He left from Palos de la Frontera, Spain and ended up in what is now the Bahamas but he called it San Salvador. The natives that were there called it Guanahani. He sailed across the Atlantic Ocean with a crew of ninety men and a collection of 3 ships. This voyage led to the discovery of the route they took. -
The Columbian Exchange started with Christopher Columbus’ arrival and it allowed a wipe spread transfer of many things. These things included metals, plants, animals, culture, human population, technology, diseases, ideas, foods, commodities, and more. These things were able to be spread around and exchanged for other items. It created a large benefit for the people who were included in the trade. It also allowed for other things to benefit like the amount of exposure for the economy and more. -
The Atlantic Slave Trade lasted for a very long time which was over 400 year. More than 15 million children, women, and men were the victims of this terrible event. It brought a very large amount of wealth to European nations which then led to the development of the Industrial Revolution. Great Britain was were this revolution had started but this revolution wasn’t the only product of this event. This trade had a very large effect on many different countries economies and how they grew. -
In May of 1607, the town Jamestown became the first settlement of the Virginia Colony. Jamestown had the intentions to create new wealth by becoming the center of a long term settlement. It was also in efforts to recreate the English society in North America. Up until 1699, Jamestown had been appointed as Virginia’s capital. Although, it almost failed when it was started due to conflict, diseases, and more. It turned around to become successful, mainly for tobacco. John Smith mainly led them. -
The Mayflower Compact is mainly significant for the fact that it expressed the idea of self government in the New World for the first time. Self government and the progression of how they governed themselves over time is very important. This compact was signed in order to establish and maintain a civil society. All 41 males on board signed this but they were the only ones to. It helped to ensure everyone got along and peace could be maintained. Once more people arrived, it got more difficult. -
On December 16th of 1620 the Mayflower ship had 102 passengers on it and they arrived at Plymouth Harbor. The goal was for the colonists to be able to build their own town and expand. Plymouth is located in southern Massachusetts and had an economy mainly based off of fishing, agriculture, timber, fur, and more. Investments were made for Plymouth before the ship had even sailed. It was founded during the Great Puritan Migration in effort to create more settlements along the east coast. -
In 1630, John Winthrop led a group consisting of about 1,000 Puritan refugees from England. They wanted to mainly escape the religious mistreatment that had been occurring. Their goals were ultimately about creating a more open religious space and to be able to build a better religious community. The Massachusetts Bay Colony did eventually result in being the first English chartered colony whose governors did not live in England. This helped the Puritans maintain their religious independence. -
In November 1637, Anne Hutchinson had been banished by the Massachusetts Bay Colony. She has broken the fifth commandment by dishonoring the fathers of the Commonwealth as well as holding meeting in her home that were not allowed. She also had defamed different authorized ministers which added to the list of things. Hutchinson ended up being killed in 1643 in a massacre by Native Americans. She was very important to the feminists group and was one of the earliest American feminists. -
On April 21st of 1649, the Toleration Act was passed by the assent of the Maryland colony. This is located in St. Mary’s City, Maryland. It was also called the Act of Concerning Religion because its main purpose was to ensure all of the religious freedoms to new Christian settlers. They could all have different denominations but still be allowed to express it in their own ways. This is significant not only because of the freedoms, but it was the first law concerning religion for Christians. -
The Battle of Bloody Brook was fought between the English colonists and the Native Americans for the expansion of the colonists land amount. It was also a part of King Phillips War. The English colonies from Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth had been taking the land which upset the Native Americans. The Native Americans did not want them to take the land because it was what they had lived on and what they knew. The Battle of Bloody Brook happened to be an early battle during this wars time period. -
Bacon’s Rebellion, led by Nathaniel Bacon, was fought against Colonial Governor William Berkeley. It was an armed rebellion which happened to be the last large uprising of enslaved blacks and white indentured servants in Colonial Virginia. It was initiated when they could not get the Native American’s land. Bacon’s army ended up burning Jamestown to the ground after capturing it. This rebellion actually brought different races and economic classes together surprisingly, which is a good thing. -
The Salem Witch Trials occurred in Massachusetts during February and May. It was a series of trials based on the the 200+ accusations of witchcraft being practiced going around. This contributed to many changes that had been made concerning the court and the way that it works.The idea that one is innocent until proven guilty came from this which is still relevant in our world today. It led to many executions of women and girls that were being accused of practicing this witchcraft. -
The Stono Rebellion was the largest slave rebellion in the British North American colonies. It was a very significant revolt for the slaves in the colony of North Carolina and it began on September 9th, 1739. The oppression that the slaves went through with the system being so unfair led to them violently rebelling sometimes. During this rebellion, the slaves joined together to then raid a firearms shop, so they could head south, and they killed about 20 white people as they made their way down. -
The Battle of Jumonville Glen kicked off the Seven Years War (French Indian War). This was in Fayetteville County, Pennsylvania. It was overall a short fight, but in the end, it was a British Victory. Virginia Lieutenant Colonel George Washington Led an army of about forty men, along with Mingo chief Tanacharison, against twenty nine French soldiers. They ended up capturing and killing twenty one of them. This unintentionally set off the French Indian War and the first shots were fired here. -
The Albany Plan was a plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin who wanted the American colonies to be in a permanent formation. This plan did end up being rejected, but the idea of the thirteen colonies having a unified government was very important for it’s time and the effort was a good way to try and progress the type of government used. The British government didn’t agree with this plan as well as the individual colonies not wanting to unify and all work together under one central government. -
The Battle of Monogahela consisted of a small army of the French with Indians of several tribes defeating the British army. This took place in Braddock’s field which is ten miles east of Pittsburgh. There was a very large difference in casualties between the two, the British having 456 men killed and 422 wounded. The amount of casualties for the French and Native Americans are not known to exact numbers, but it is said they they would have had around thirty men killed and wounded. -
The Battle of Signal Hill was fought on September 16th of 1762 and it was the last battle of the Seven Years War. The French had previously seized St. John’s earlier in the year during a surprise attack, and in this battle, Lieutenant Colonel William Amherst had managed to recapture St. Johns. The French had been surprised to see this attack of 200 English soldiers climbing over Signal Hill, attacking 295 French infantry. This ultimately ended the war since it was the concluding battle. -
The Proclamation of 1763 had been issued by the British at the end of the 7 Years War in effort to appease Native Americans by checking the invasion of their lands, done by European settlers. The colonists were not happy with this since it was essentially taking away the control they had over the land in the west and stopped them from taking it/going there. The colonists ended up going over there anyways because of how strong the importance of having land held with regards to other things was. -
Overall, the Molasses Act was a British law that imposed a tax on molasses, sugar, and rum going into the North American colonies, imported from non-British foreign colonies. This led to the British Islands being the only place you could purchase these good from, which ultimately helped protect them and their exports. The Boston and New England colonies were affected by this because of how much it affected their economy since rum was a main export in their trade with other countries. -
The Sugar Act, also known by the American Revenue Act of 1764 or the American Duties Act, had three main expectations. Those included prohibiting foreign rum to be imported, retaining a high duty on foreign refined sugar, and cutting the duty on foreign molasses from 6 to 3 pence per gallon. This act ultimately increased duties of non-British goods that had been shipped to the colonies. This act did upset the colonists because of the economy, but it was repealed eventually in 1766 and replaced. -
The Currency Act prohibited paper money to be printed or issued by Colonial legislatures. The Colonists were not happy with this since it prohibited American colonies from issuing their own currency. This isn’t the only act from the Parliament of Great Britain concerning the idea of money and its regulation. This acted to protect creditors and merchants, from Britain, from being paid in depreciated colonial currency. There were consequences set up if you disobey this like fines and penalties. -
The Stamp Act, also known as the Duties in American Colonies Act 1765, specifically focused on taxing newspapers, almanacs, pamphlets, broadsides, legal documents, and playing cards. It was an Act by the Parliament of Great Britain putting direct taxes on the British colonies in America. To show that the taxes had been paid, these said stamps were put onto packaged or documents. It was repealed on March 18th, 1766 because of the amount of tax commissioners quitting their jobs due to threats. -
The Townshend Acts were seen differently by each group. The American colonists saw them as an abuse in power since they also did not have any representation in parliament. The Acts taxed good imported to the American colonies and consisted of the following Acts, the Suspending Act, the Revenue Act, the Indemnity Act, and the Commissioners of Customs Act. These indirect taxes were not wanted by the colonists either , just like the direct taxes in previous Acts in the past. -
On March 5th, 1770, the Boston Massacre occurred in Boston, Province of Massachusetts Bay. A large group of colonists, about three to four hundred people, were harassing a small group of 9 British soldiers. It was a street fight where five colonists were killed by the soldiers. The colonists were harassing the soldiers verbally and physically in different ways. This massacre essentially helped the colonies to unite against Britain in a way, and helped ignite the spark for Americans independence. -
The Battle of Lexington and Concord was fought on April 19th of 1775, located in Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay. This battle had ended with an American victory and marked the start of the American Revolution to gain independence. The famous “shot heard ‘round the world” is the shot during this battle. It ultimately was started because the British had sent troops to seize weapons from the town of Concord, and capture the leaders, Samuel Adams and John Hancock from Lexington. -
Thomas Paine, the author of Common Sense, was one of the most influential authors and reformers of his time. Common Sense promoted Americas independence from Britain and the creation of a democratic republic. Paine was all about the capabilities of a common man, so the name of this is fitting, and how it can appeal to not just the higher societal classes. People could easily read and understand Paine’s style of writing, so it made it easier for everyone to be on one page and join together. -
The United States’ Declaration of Independence was officially published on July 4th, 1776. This document includes things like so, “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their Creator, with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”. The Declaration led to the colonies to fight together and gain independence all together instead of alone. This was a huge step in America’s progress. -
The Battle of Saratoga included General John Burgoyne leading an army of 7,200 troops to try and establish British dominance throughout New York. He had attempted to invade New England from Canada with his troops, in effort to separate New England from the rest of the U.S. The British loss gave the Americans the morale boost and hope that they needed themselves, as well as securing the foreign support they needed to win the war. This battle could be recognized as a turning point in the war. -
The Articles of Confederation were ratified on February 2nd, 1781, and had the main purpose to establish a main national government. It did create a loose confederation of sovereign states, but it also created a weak central government. It ended up leaving most of the power within the states governments instead which wasn’t ideal. The need for a federal government kept growing and it eventually had let to the Constitutional Convention in 1787. Many weaknesses with this document came out to show. -
The Treaty of Paris,was signed in Paris, on September 3rd, 1783, by representatives from both the U.S. and Great Britain. This ended the American Revolution War after six months of hostilities. It also defined the U.S. border and Great Britain granted the Northwest Territory to the United States. Fishing rights to the many waters off the British-Canadian coastline for American boats were secured and citizens of both the U.S. and Great Britain were open for navigation on the Mississippi River. -
Shay’s Rebellion was mainly located in Western Massachusetts and Worcester and it was an armed uprising. The citizens had been experiencing a debt crisis amongst themselves and this was in retaliation. The states governments had been trying to collect taxes on both the individuals and their trades. The citizens were very unhappy with this and wanted to reform the state governments. It resulted in reforming the Articles as well as resulting in the Philadelphia Convention of 1787. -
The Northwest Ordinance ultimately set a government for the Northwest Territory which outlined the process for admitting a new state to the Union. These new states being admitted would be as equal to the other thirteen original states. Another big part of the Northwest Ordinance is that slavery was forever outlawed in this territory. This was a big change that was good for progression. Along with that, other civil liberties along with religion were now a given freedom to individuals. -
Eli Whitney had created this invention called the Cotton Gin, which was his most famous invention. The Cotton Gin allowed the rapid separation of seeds from the cotton fibers very easily so it was much more efficient than their old ways. It increased productivity by a very large amount rather than manually doing it. Being built in 1793, it promoted the idea of slavery being used for making cotton, as well as making cotton a very profitable crop for the southern part of the United States. -
Pinckney’s Treat, which could also be known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid, was signed on October 27th, 1765 by the United States and Spain. The main purpose of this treaty was to make an agreement on defining the border between the United States and Spanish Florida. It also guaranteed the Unites States the rights to navigation on the Mississippi River. This treaty overall resolved disputes about land and made sure that both of them knew their boundaries. -
Washington’s Farewell Address was written by President George Washington after 20 years of public service in the United States as multiple different positions. It was written during the end of his second term of presidency before going back to his home in Mount Vernon,Virginia, to retire. In this farewell he mentioned things about warnings concerning the forces of geographical sectionalism, political factionalism, and interference by foreign powers and how it could end up to be very threatening. -
The Alien and Sedation Acts were a set of four laws that were put into place on July 6th, 1798. They applied restrictions in the United States concerning immigration and speech. The Acts consisted of the Naturalization Act, Alien Friends Act, Alien Enemies Act, and the Sedition Act. They all served different purposes surrounding the same topic and they weren’t fair to the immigrants. It made it harder for them to vote as well as making new rules to make it easier to deport foreigners. -
The Marbury V. Madison Supreme Court case holds a very significant importance to the history of the court. William Marbury had been issued a commission as justice of the peace, by President John Adams. Although, the new Secretary of State, James Madison, refused to deliver it. In order to obtain it, Madison sued. As a result of this case, Congress did not have the power to pass laws that override the Constitution. This expanded the Supreme Courts abilities with original jurisdiction. -
In the Louisiana Purchase, the United States gained the territory of Louisiana for fifteen million dollars. That meant that it would only be approximately 18 dollars for per one square mile of land. This ultimately doubled the size of the original United States which was very good for more land opportunities as well as relations with the economy. More land meant more opportunity for everyone. This also helped push westward expansion for the U.S. which opened up even more new opportunities. -
The Missouri Compromise, published on March 6th, 1820, was created in efforts to make a balanced decision for both sides of the states. This legislation allowed Missouri to be admitted as a slave state, but Maine was admitted as a non-slave state at the same time. This created a sure way of keeping balance in how many slave and non-slave states are admitted so one doesn’t overpower the other. Northern states wanted to abolish it, while the southern states had been trying to expand it. -
The Monroe Doctrine was a way to warn European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs. The U.S. did not want to be involved in any European affairs and the Western Hemisphere was closed for further colonization. They did not want to interfere with other existing colonies in America either. This doctrine became a mainstay of U.S. foreign policy. It laid very important groundwork concerning the U.S. expansion and interventions in the future. -
The Indian Removal Act was signed into law on May 28th, 1830, by President Andrew Jackson. Congress described this as provided "for an exchange of lands with the Indians residing in any of the states or territories, and for their removal west of the river Mississippi." This only benefited the white settlers who were allowed to move and live up and down the eastern coast. A few of the tribes went peacefully, but many of them refused to admit to the relocation policy being forced on them. -
The California Gold Rush was located in Sutter’s Mill located in Coloma, California. It began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall. This Gold Rush affected California in many different ways. I got California to be a state. It also encouraged rapid growth in industrialization, agriculture, the economy, population, and more. There was also the removal of the Natives because of this. Westward expansion was able to really be focused on and create new opportunities. -
The Battle of Fort Sumter was a bombardment of the fort which was located near Charleston, South Carolina, on April 12th 1861. This battle did not result in any casualties, but it is what started the American Civil War, which was the bloodiest conflict in American history. South Carolina decided to separate itself from the United States, and the US army was stationed at the fort which is what led to the start of this. The biggest outcome of this battle was the war being started. -
The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the Battle of First Manassas, was fought in Prince William County, Virginia. It was fought on July 21, 1861, and it was the first major battle of the American Civil War. This battle had ended up being a Confederate victory, but it gave a realization to both the Union and Confederates that this war would be very bloody, long, and bad. There were about 3,000 casualties for the Union and around 1,750 for the Confederates, which is about half as many. -
The Pacific Railway Acts of 1862 were a series of acts of Congress. They promoted the construction of a transcontinental railroad throughout the United States. They also provided authorizing the issuance of government bonds and the grants of land to railroad companies. Congress supported this idea and did a lot of things in support of it. This was the development of the nations first transcontinental railroad and all men were encouraged to help make it happen. It would help with growth and more. -
The Emancipation Proclamation was officially an executive order signed by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1st, 1863, during the third year of the Civil War. The Proclamation says "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are,and henceforward shall be free." One of its cons was that all of the slaves in the country were not freed. This proclamation strengthened the Union both militarily and politically. White supremacists that were in the U.S. were very upset with this. -
The Battle of Gettysburg occurred on July 1st, 1863, around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. This three day battle has been the bloodiest single battle with more than 50,000 estimated casualties. The Union accounted for about 23,000 of those and the Confederacy had the remaining 28,000 men lost. The Union has won this battle and defeated the Confederacy, this battle marked a turning point for the war. It stopped the Confederates momentum and boosted the Unions morale, which was needed. -
The 14th Amendment was passed by the Senate on June 8, 1866, and then ratified two years later, on July 9, 1868. It states, “No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States.” Which means that it was granting citizenship to all, born or naturalized in the United States. It also provided every citizen with equal protection under the laws. This amendment was part of the Reconstruction Amendments, important to the U.S. growth. -
The 15th Amendment was passed by Congress on February 26, 1869, and then ratified February 3, 1870. This Amendment granted African American men the right to vote. This is very important to the progression and growth of the U.S. racially. It prohibited the federal government as well as every state from denying a citizen's right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” This was a big step in the right direction but women of all races were still not able to vote. -
The United States Presidential Election of 1876 had been very disputed so the Compromise of 1877 settled it. It was an informal and unwritten deal that was decided among the United States Congress members. It resulted in giving Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency in exchange for the end of Reconstruction in the South. The Compromise’s biggest outcome was effectively ending the Reconstruction Era and removing the last remaining federal troops from the south. For the country this was a big step. -
The Jim Crow Laws ultimately legalized racial segregation through state and local rules. These were in place for about 100 years, lasting until the 1960s. African Americans faced issues being separated in many places including public pools, phone booths, hospitals, jails, schools, and many more. They were also denied rights like voting, jobs, education, and other opportunities. Going against these laws would have resulted in actions like jail time, assault, death, fines, violence, and more. -
The Great Railroad Strike included over 100,000 workers beginning in Martinsburg, West Virginia on July 14th, 1877. It was a product of Baltimore and Ohio cutting wages, for the third time in a year. The workers on strike did not allow the trains to run until the cuts were revoked. During the peak of this, more than half the freight on the country’s track had come to a stop. Their ultimate goal was to increase wages, but by the end, there were 1,000 people sent to jail and about 100 killed. -
The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first major law that restricted immigration into the United States. It was published on May 6th, 1882 and had many effects on the people and the economy. It prohibited all immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years, excluding merchants, teachers, students, travelers, and diplomats. As an effect of this, there was a negative impact on the economy since the Chinese workers were a key part of the system. Manufacturing, mining, and agriculture were all affected. -
The Haymarket Square Riot took place on May 4th 1886, in Haymarket Square, Chicago, Illinois. This incident started off as a peaceful rally and protest in support for an eight hour work day. Labor radicals gathered together to create this group that wanted a change after experiencing the harm to workers the day prior. A bomb was thrown into the crowd which ended up in the death of seven police men, which then led to 60 others being injured because of everything going on in the moment. -
The Dawes Act of 1887 allowed the President to break up reservation land and also regulated land rights on tribal territories located in the United States. It was overall a negative impact on the Native Americans because of how they struggled with keeping money and land. The Dawes Act resulted in the loss of ninety million acres of Native American land which then forced assimilation. Tribal lands then had to be divided up into smaller parts, to then be given back out to make individual plots. -
NAWSA (The National American Woman Suffrage Association) was an organization that came together in May of 1890. NAWSA was the result of a merge between two rival groups, the National Woman Suffrage Association which was led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. The other was the American Woman Suffrage Association, led by Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, and Julia Ward Howe. They disagreed over strategies, but they had the same primary goal and achieved their goals by joining together. -
The Sherman Antitrust Act was originally published on July 2nd, 1890, created by John Sherman. It was made to be an act that protected both trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies. It outlawed everything in resistant to trade as well as anything related to monopolization. People and companies were not allowed to do any kind of price fixing in any type of industry. This sustained competition overall and make sure there were no unfair business practices. -
The McKinely Tariff became law on October 1st, 1890. This dramatically increased the tax rate, about 50%, on foreign goods, which many American consumers opposed because of the result. They would have to pay more money for their goods and many things became unaffordable. McKinely’s intent was to keep foreign competition away from American industries. Many business owners were in support of this because all of the taxes were raised and their were getting more money for their products. -
The Homestead Strike occurred in 1892 from June 30th to July 6th. There was ultimately tension between the management and the workers in the steel industry. The Carnegie Steel Company, located in Homestead, Pennsylvania, had discharged many workers. This labor protest turned violent and dramatic which then made all of the unionization and industrialization worse. Guards were brought to the factory to keep violence out and protect everyone there, but it ended with the strikers being defeated. -
The Pullman Strike occurred from May 11t to June 20th of 1894. The strikers wanted union recognition, increased wages, and rent reductions. These were members of the American Railway Union that ended up in succeeding the halt of the railroad traffic. As many as 250,000 railroad workers across 20 railroads participated in this. This just showed the significance of the workers and their dedication to achieving their goals no matter what obstacles they had to go through to get there. -
The event in 1892 where Homer Plessy, an African American, refused to sit in the car for colored people. Plessy v. Ferguson still allowed racial segregation because “it did not violate the U.S. constitution”. They said that segregation could be allowed as long as their separate things for White and Black people had equality. This led to the saying of “separate but equal”, except in reality, nothing was really equal. The segregation was still very unfair and racist by the government. -
The Dingley Tariff of July 1897 was signed into law by the McKinely administration which was the highest protective tariff at the time. The tariff rates went up for things like sugar, salt, tin, glassware, tobacco, and other items. This remained in effect for twelve years which makes it the tariff lasting the longest in U.S. history. It was an effort to restore high protective tariffs. Average tariffs after this reached to be about 47% which is good considering their goal. -
The USS Maine was a United States Navy ship that had an explosion,causing it to sink. The USS Maine was sent to Havana by President William McKinley because he wanted to protect the United States interests in Cuba. The battleship then exploded in Havana Harbor, and after the U.S. Navy found the reason, they concluded that the explosion was caused by the detonation of a mine under the ship. This resulted in 266 men dying and 354 crew members. This also led to the declaration of war against Spain. -
The Battle of Manila Bay Place on May 1st, 1898, during the Spanish American war. The United States Asiatic squadron had destroyed the Spanish Pacific Fleet in this first battle of the Spanish American war. About 400 Spanish sailors were killed and 10 Spanish war ships were wrecked or captured compared to only six Americans wounded. It was a huge naval victory for the US and it could also be considered the most total victory in the history of the United States Navy. -
The battle of Santiago de Cuba occurred on July 3, 1893 and the battle was a very big United States victory. This victory enhanced the reputation of the United States Navy immensely since they suppressed all Spanish naval resistance. There were 474 dead, 1800 captured and all six ships were lost for the Spanish. The U.S. only had one dead one wounded, and all eight ships remained. The United States was led to this victory William T. Sampson and Winfield Scott Schley. -
The Annexation of Hawaii in 1898 had many effects on the people of both Hawaii and the United States. Unwillingly, Hawaii lost their independence and then became part of the United States territory. There started to be a larger population of foreigners there than the native Hawaiian population. This caused the natives to lose a lot of their original culture that was specific to them because of all the new foreigners. The U.S. gained military advantage, economic enrichment, and more from this. -
The Gold Standard Act was published on March 14th, 1900. It was signed by President William McKinley and it was an act to do many things like define and fix the standard of value, to maintain the equality of all forms of money issued by the United States, to refund the public debt, and for many other purposes. They didn’t want too much money to be printed and run out of gold eventually. By doing this, it altered the growth of the money supply which then leads to limiting the inflation rate. -
The Wright Brothers and their invention was extremely impactful to the world then and still the world now. They created first powered and sustained controlled airplane flight. Wilbur and Orville Wrights new invention led to getting places more efficiently and effectively. Although passenger planes were created after, this was still the first step to getting to that goal which is very significant. World Wars in the future also utilized this invention in different ways to be successful. -
In the Lochner V. New York case, the Supreme Court decided that New York did not have the rights with concerning making a law interfering with the rights of an employer to make a contract with workers. This severely reduced the governments ability to regulate the economy as well as businesses. The court questioned whether the fourteenth amendments protection applied to certain things like the freedom of contract. This led to a case in which concerned labor and a persons right to control that. -
The Meat Inspection Act was published on June 30th, 1906. President Theodore Roosevelt signed this which it ultimately created a safer food environment. The sale of adulterated or misbranded livestock was now prohibited and sanitary processing and slaughtering were now being ensured. There were now strict standards put into place regarding the meat packing industry which would also be regulated to make sure that nobody in the industry was breaking these new rules for their products. -
Like the Meat Inspection act, the Pure Food and Drug act prohibited the sale of any misbranded or adulterated food or drugs going around. These acts affected the safety of everyone’s health especially workers that were now ensured safety. The sanitation conditions being met on everything that was produced was very important and had a big impact on the intake people were getting. The better quality the production was,the better the sales surrounding these products would be, which made more money. -
In the Muller V. Oregon case of 1908, women were now only allowed to work less hours than men by state mandate. This stands to be one of the most important United States Supreme Count cases during the Progressive era. They questioned whether it was right or not to cut down on women’s hours if they did not do the same for men, but because of the inequality, women were now wage owners who were getting 10 hour days. This did help women’s safety overall, but not the womens right movement. -
The Model T was not only one of the most influential, but significant inventions of all time. Henry Ford created the first automobile which had a huge, long las acting impact on the world and its economy. Henry Ford made it a point for the Model T to be not only affordable, but durable, more efficient, and simple to operate as well. It re-shaped America and established America‘s middle class in a new way. People viewed it as a wealthy symbol which was very important to citizens at the time. -
The NAACP (The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) was very significant to the civil rights movement and inequality going on between White and Black people at the time. They struggled with gaining access to do things like denial of voting rights, racial violence, discrimination in employment, and segregated public facilities. Important leaders of this organization included W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington, Moorfield Storey Ida B. Wellls, and more. -
The 17th Amendment that was passed by Congress on May 13, 1912 had fundamentally changed democracy in America. There was a lot of power shifted to the people instead of the state legislature, which is very significant. The citizens were now given the right to vote for their senators instead of the state legislator. It became a direct election so people could choose who they wanted to be in office and have more power over how they get to chose who is essentially making their decisions for them. -
The 16th Amendment of the United States gave the federal government more power concerning taxing and the income earners in the U.S.. This amendment states that the federal government can tax all income workers which would go towards progressing and effective things. Some things the income tax was used for were things like helping the U.S. keep and fund an army, build new accessible roads and bridges, enforce laws and carry out other important duties that would be beneficial to the U.S.. -
The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 created the Federal Reserve System. The pro banker Republicans oppose this, but the anti-banker Democrats were overwhelmingly supportive for this act. It also created a central bank for the United States as well as a new board of governors. These governors would help make decisions for the administration in maintaining the countries new financial system. This was very important to the progression of the U.S. in their time and still now to this day. -
President Woodrow Wilson signed the Federal Trade Commission Act into law on September 26, 1914. The FTC had the main goals of being able to identify fraud and unfair practices that had caused the greatest consumer injury and then to be able to stop that through law enforcement.This act was helpful to consumers since it supported the criminal investigation and follow those rules out for a better experience of consumers.Unfair methods of competition and deceptive acts needed to be protected from. -
On May 7, 1915, the Lusitania was hit by a German torpedo which caused it to sink. The sinking of the Lusitania was ultimately a major factor in the United States decision to enter World War I, not effective immediately. The United States joining World War I was very significant and helped make a turning point in the war to bring it to an end. The Lusitania was built for the transatlantic passenger trade and was known for its luxury and speed. Many people died as a result of the sinking. -
In January 1917 a telegram was intercepted and deciphered by British cryptographers sent from the German foreign minister, Arthur Zimmerman. This was being sent to Mexico proposing a military alliance against the United States. This enraged American citizens and the public opinion turned to be in favor of entering the war against Germany. This was one of the many factors that led to the U.S. entry into World War I. Although Mexico did officially reject it since they saw no benefit from it. -
The Sedition Act of 1918 was originally published May 16 of 1918. It heavily restricted and made it illegal for citizens to express their own opinions and engage in political debate. It was now illegal to criticize the government or the military which is it a significant restriction on free-speech in the United States it was passed during a time of war. They wanted to promote patriotism to help not lose hope which was in effort to try and keep encouragement going so everyone kept pushing. -
Prohibition in the United States started in the 1920s and went until 1933. It was a period of time where the manufacturing, sales, transporting, importing, or exporting of alcoholic beverages was illegal. One of the major causes was that many women believed alcohol was ruining their families and had a fear of having that continue. This created a concern for public health and social problems. Alcohol was sold illegally and there was a rise of organized crime which affected a lot of other things. -
The Immigration Act of 1924 was a federal law that banned immigration from Asia as well as set quotas regarding the number of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe. This act heavily favored immigrants from northern and western Europe. This act also had banned immigration from Asia, with the exception of Japan in the Philippines. The United States wanted to limit the number of immigrants that were coming to the U.S. and this act remained in effect until it was repealed in 1965. -
In October 1929, the stock market crash occurred which was also known as Black Tuesday. There were a variety of equally important factors that played into this crash like over production, speculation, and a lack of regulation. Stock prices plummeted after the panic began selling on Wall Street which then led to a chain reaction of selling and then the stock market crashed. This crash had a many huge impacts on the economy which was also one of the major causes of the great depression. -
The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Is a United States government agency that was established in 1934. This was a part of the National Housing Act. The FHA was created in response to the Great Depression because of how bad the economy had been. It lead to a housing crisis and the FHA had a goal to improve house and conditions as well as provide affordable mortgages to American families. The FHA still plays an important role today like how it did then to improve that economy. -
The Social Security Act (SSA) of 1935 is a United States federal law that was signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on August 14th, 1935. To this day, millions of Americans receive Social Security benefits still. They help to provide financial security in retirement and in times of need. The Social Security Act establishes a system of unemployment insurance and provides a lot of funding. It also can benefit retired workers, disabled, widows, and orphans. It is very useful and well planned. -
Pearl Harbor occurred on December 7th, 1941, located on the island of Oahu in Hawaii. It was a United States Naval base which was attacked by Japanese forces who launched a surprise air raid on the base. This attack was to try and weaken the United States Pacific Fleet so the U.S. was prevented from interfering with Japan’s plan for expansion in the Pacific. Over 2,400 Americans, both civilians and military men, passed away because of this. This led to the United States entry into World War II. -
D-Day Occurred on June 6, 1944 during World War II. This is a military term that refers to the Allied Invasion of Normandy, France. This invasion was a very complex operation that had required careful planning and coordination. It involved both naval and air support from allied forces and over 156,000 troops landing on the beaches of Normandy. The D-Day invasion was a success, with many casualties, and the allies could now establish a foothold in Europe and begin the liberation of France. -
The G.I. Bill of 1944 provided many benefits to American veterans of World War II. This bill was designed to help veterans transition back to civilian life after the war and it also played a significant role in the postwar economic boom in the United States. It helped expand access education to all the veterans which was very important because it also encouraged others to go to. Many job opportunities were now open able to be accessed which helped get the economy back to being healthy. -
During the final stages of World War II, the United States Army Air Forces dropped the first atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. This happened on August 6, 1945 and the next one was dropped on August 9, 1945. This one was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. Both of these bombings had a very big impact on the outcome of World War II and the impact on world history. The Japanese population suffered very badly,but they brought the war to an end. Atomic bombs were still not completely
understood. -
The baby boom was a very significant increase in the number of births in the U.S. This occurred after World War II, between 1946 and 1964. As soldiers returned home from war, many of them wanted to start families since they got back and looked to settle down. The baby boom created a whole new generation of consumers and workers as well as increase the economy very heavily. There was an increase in demand for goods and services and helped fuel the economic growth in theU.S. after it being so low. -
The Truman Doctrine was first expressed by President Harry S Truman in 1947. The spread of communism had been a big issue happening and this was in hopes to stop the spread. They wanted to try and support countries that were being threatened by the Soviet expansion. There was a significant shift in U.S. foreign policy from this and how it went away from the isolationism policy that they had before World War II. There was also economic aid provided to countries that were threatened by the Soviet. -
The Marshall plan was overall a program to try and help rebuild Europe after World War II. It was launched by the United States in 1948 and was named after U.S. Secretary of State, George Marshall. There were billions of dollars provided to Europe to help rebuild their industries, agriculture, infrastructure, and their post war economy. The U.S. also wanted to stop the spread of communism which the Marshall Plan was supposed to o prevent that too since they were helping them become more stable. -
There was a period of time where communism was the biggest fear for many people, and this was known as McCarthyism. People were also scared that communists had also started to infiltrate many U.S. institutions and governments. Many people were all suspicious of each other and a lot of investigations had gone on to test it. This resulted in people being blacklisting and losing their jobs, which not only affected them, but it also affected their families, the economy, and more. -
The Brown v Board of Education was decided in 1954 by the U.S. Supreme Court. A group of African American parents brought the fact that their children were not getting equal education opportunities and treatment to light. There was still a very large amount of segregation happening in public schools which needed to be changed. The Supreme Court ruled that the segregation was unconstitutional and this decision was a very significant victory for the civil rights movement going forward. -
The National Interstate and Defense Highways Act was a federal law that was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1956. Improving transportation infrastructure was a major goal of this that was related to the automobile and efficiency of getting places effectively. The connecting of major cities was significant to the economy and job industry for many people. The society benefited from this because of all the new opportunities that opened up as a result of this and the economy was fueled for growth. -
The Gulf of Tonkin occurring in 1964 during the Vietnam War. U.S. navy ships were allegedly attacked by North Vietnams naval vessels in the Gulf of Tonkin. After this, The U.S. military was authorized to intervine in Vietnam and there was a resolution signed. This escalated the U.S. involvement in the war and they now had the authority to take any measures he thought was necessary to defend the U.S. interests in Southeast Asia. It had been revealed later on that some of this was exaggerated. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passes by the U.S. Congress was created to end racial discrimination and segregation in the U.S. It established the prohibiting of discriminating based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. African Americans had been fighting for equality for a significant amount of time so this was their biggest victory yet. The Civil Rights Act took a lot of fighting, violence, protesting, pleading, and more to finally get into place which adds to the importance. -
The Voting Rights Act was designed to allow and protect the voting rights of African Americans who had been systematically prevented from voting in many different parts of the country. This was passed by U.S. Congress in 1965 and prohibited discriminatory actions towards African Americans regarding voting. It remains as a very important voting tool to the U.S. still today and is enforced so equality and justice is preserved for everyone to have. This was another major victory for them. -
Watergate began in June 1972 and it was a major political scandal occurred within the United States government. 5 men have been arrested for breaking into the Democratic National Committee Headquarters at the Watergate complex in Washington DC they had been trying to wire tap the DNC‘s phones and steal documents which was related to Richard Nixon’s reelection campaign. Eventually it led to the resignation of President Nixon after it was revealed that he had authorized a cover-up of all of this.