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Jamestown
Jamestown was a company that came to America to make money. When they got to North America they didn't know how to farm properly. Starving time lasted for 5 years and 80% of the population died. The colonists weren't making any money so Jamestown Company was getting mad. Luckily the Indians decided to help them and showed them how to grow tobacco the first cash crop. Anyone who survived the starving time were given 100 acres of land. land equals opportunity. -
Slavery Starts
The Headright system England was selling 50 acres land per person in the New World and a lot of people wanted in, if people could afford the ticket they found someone who could buy them a ticket and become an Indentured Servant to them until they payed off their debt. Slavery started in 1619 and slowly replaced the Indentured servant system. -
The Pilgrims
The Pilgrims were a religious minority that arrived at Plymouth on the Mayflower in 1620. They came up with the Mayflower Compact the first form of self-government in the new world. The mayflower Compact stayed in affect until 1691 when Plymouth colony became part of the Massachusetts Bay colony. William Bradford was their leader, but he struggled to get new converts. -
The Puritans
The Puritans are another religious group that came to the new world for religious freedom in 1630. They thought they could fix what was wrong with the England church. John Winthrop was their leader. They eventually absorbed the Pilgrims when they couldn't find enough converts. City on a a hill John Winthrop's sermon telling his followers that the Massachusetts Bay colony would be an exaple to the world. -
Transcontinental Railroad
Abraham Lincoln wanted to connect the country together so he had the plan of the Transcontinental Railroad. Transcontinental Railroad Pacific Railway act was passed in 1682. The plan to fund the railroad was $16,000 per mile of track in the plains, $32,000 per mile of track in the foothills, and $48,000 per mile of track in the mountains. they would also get land grants adjacent to the railroad. Union Pacific RR and Central Pacific RR. -
Colonial Era Movements
The Scientific Revolution big emphases on education. New ideas started to spread The Enlightenment people began to question the nature of power and rights. John Locke was big on Natural rights and created separation of powers. The Great Awakening big emphasis on individual religion and personal relationship with God. Johnathan Edwards was one of the main preachers he taught “sinners in the hands of an angry God". George Whitefield other main preacher he taught that god is loving and forgiving. -
Troops in the Colonies
The costly war meant that the colonies had to be more profitable. British troops stayed in the Colonies to protect the colonists against the Spanish, returning French, Indian aggression, and to enforce colonial acceptance of the new measures passed by the British. This ends Salutary Neglect because they start to enforce laws harshly. -
the Proclamation of 1763
The Proclamation Line of 1763 was a British-produced boundary marked in the Appalachian Mountains at the Eastern Continental Divide. Decreed on October 7, 1763, After the 7 years' war against the French and the Indian tribes allied with the French the Proclamation Line prohibited Anglo-American colonists from settling on lands acquired from the French following the French and Indian War. -
Taxes and Acts
After the war British was in a lot of debt and the solution was to tax the colonists. Sugar act, Stamp Act, Tea Tax, Proclamation of 1763, Quartering Act, Townshend Acts were some of the things they did to the colonists. This really made the colonists mad and the colonists acted out. Some colonists chose to smuggle so they didn't have to pay taxes to the king. Later the King lowered the taxes, but colonists still decided to smuggle. -
Boston Massacre
Tensions began to grow, because Townshend Acts; Occupation of Boston; Killing of Christopher Seider and the pardon of his killer. In Boston in February 1770 a patriot mob called the Sons of Liberty attacked a British loyalist, who fired a gun at them, killing a boy. In the ensuing days brawls between colonists and British soldiers eventually culminated in the Boston Massacre. Paul Revere engraved the Boston Massacre and sent it out to every newspaper -
Boston Tea Party
Boston Tea Party, incident in which 342 chests of tea belonging to the British East India Company were thrown from ships into Boston Harbor by American patriots disguised as Mohawk Indians. The British response to this was to close the port of Boston which was one of the biggest ports in the colonies. Quartering act is enforced which means American colonies to provide the British soldiers with housing and food. -
The First Continental Congress
Each colony except Georgia sent delegates to the First Continental Congress. Some of the delegates wanted independence and the others wanted to stay part of the British Empire. they decided to stay under a few conditions they get representation and limited taxing authority. This was Called the Olive Branch Petition. The king denies the petition because he doesn't want to negotiate the Colonies. -
Loyalists and Patriots
Loyalists were supportive of Great Britain and wanted to remain British. 1/3 of the population. they were often abusively treated by other Colonists. The other 2/3 of the population likely supported independence to varying degrees. though only have of those supported vocally. Patriots are unwavering supporters. The ones who didn't support vocally most likely played both sides so no one would be offended by them. -
Lexington and Concord
After the Olive Branch Petition failed Britain got intel from citizens loyal to the crown that some colonists where storing gunpowder, guns, and other necessities for war in a town called Concord. They also got intel that Samuel Adams and John Hancock were in a town called Lexington which is on the way to Concord. The British marched hoping to strike on major rebellious leaders. When the army got to concord they were gone and a militia of 77 men were waiting. The shot heard around the world. -
The Fighting starts
The British are well trained, well armed, well equipped and often outnumbered the colonists on the battle field. The colonists are handed defeat after defeat. British seize Boston and New York. The Continental Army and Militia often take up defensive positions but are continually pushed back. Congress struggle to get colonists to commit to the army, fund the army, and supply the army. they didn't know how to get money for the army because they didn't have power to tax the people. -
Thomas Paine
After intense Fighting in and around Boston and before independence had been declared Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense. Common Sense lays out a passionate case for independence, but he does it in a way to speak to the common people so they want it to and it's not just the idea for and from the rich man. Less than a year after Independence is declared. -
Independence
In the Second Continental Congress all 13 Colonies sent delegates. It takes place in Philadelphia one month after the Revolutionary War begins. The conservatives led by John Dickenson desired to stay apart of the British Empire. Radicals led by John Adams and Thomas Jefferson wanted independence. The delegates charge Thomas Jefferson and others to write the Declaration Of Independence. Jefferson writes the first draft and the rest of the delegates make revisions and vote to approve it. -
Crossing the Delaware
George Washington was the General of the Continental Army. he was respected by his troops, but they were ill equipped army plagued by deserters, lack of training and poor funding. In the brutal winter of 1776 his troops had a very low moral. Washington had an idea to surprise attack the forces in Trenton, New Jersey. On December 25, 1776 the Continental army crossed the Delaware and defeated the British and Hessian Merchants there. This gave a huge boost in moral and a lot of needed supplies. -
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union was the first written constitution of the United States. Written in 1777 and stemming from wartime urgency, its progress was slowed by fears of central authority and extensive land claims by states. Congress didn't have the power to tax, so they couldn't set taxes to help the war efforts. The states were afraid of giving to much power to one person so they left a lot of rights to the states. -
Battle of Saratoga
The battle of Saratoga represents a turning point in the war
British General John Burgoyne and his army plans to move south where he will meet up with two other British armies and face the Continentals. The other two British armies are not there, and Burgoyne is quickly surrounded and forced to surrender along with his whole army. On October 17, 1777, 5,895 British and Hessian troops surrendered their arms. and now the Continental Army has to face 2 British armies. -
The French Agree to help
Benjamin Franklin had been in France for months trying to gain and ally to support us in the war. The French, wanted revenge on Britain for the Seven Years War, but didn’t want to back us without confidence we could actually win. News of our victory at Saratoga gave Franklin the leverage he needed. The French agree to send troops and their Navy. with the help of the French Navy the Continental army can now have troops on land and sea to come in from both directions. -
Yorktown
General Cornwallis retreated to the coast of Yorktown, Virginia for the winter and the protection of the Royal Navy. Cornwallis was not aware however that the French navy had defeated the British fleet at the Battle of the Capes in September. When Cornwallis arrived at Yorktown, he found the French navy at his back and the American army before him. Cornwallis surrendered on 20 October 1781. This ended major fighting in the Revolutionary War. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris 1783 officially ends the Revolutionary War
The newly created United States of America are granted all British lands between the Atlantic Ocean & the Mississippi River and north to British Canada. Based on a 1782 preliminary treaty, the agreement recognized U.S. independence and granted the U.S. significant western territory. The United States of America get all of British land in North America. -
Northwest Ordinance
Also known as the Ordinance of 1787, the Northwest Ordinance established a government for the Northwest Territory, outlined the process for admitting a new state to the Union, and guaranteed that newly created states would be equal to the original thirteen states. Slavery was forever outlawed from the lands of the Northwest Territory, freedom of religion and other civil liberties were guaranteed, the resident Indians were promised decent treatment, and education was provided for. -
Shay's Rebellion
Shays' Rebellion was an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts and Worcester in response to a debt crisis among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government's increased efforts to collect taxes both on individuals and their trades. The fight took place mostly in and around Springfield. Shay's Rebellion showed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. When the central government couldn't put down the rebellion, the first stirrings of federalism began to gather strength. -
The Constitution
Shay's Rebellion was the weakness of the Articles of Confederation. This brought out the Federalists ad the Anti-Federalists. The Federalists wanted a strong federal Government with a loose interpretation to the Constitution. Anti-Federalists want more responsibility to the states wanted a strict interpretation of the Constitution. The Constitution gave the federal government power to coin money, regulate commerce, declare war, raise and maintain armed forces, and establish a Post Office. -
George Washington's Presidency
George Washington was the first American President, so everything he did set a precedent. John Adams was his vice President. he established the court system, Supreme court and lower court. Established the Presidential Cabinet to help him, secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of War Henry Knox, and Attorney General Edmund Randolph. when Washington stepped down it set the precedent of only two terms. -
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion Pennsylvania farmers refused to pay the tax on whiskey until the American Army enforced it this up holds the power of the new federal government and like the articles of Confederation failing with Shay's Rebellion this was the test for the Constitution and it passed. President Washington led the troops to Pennsylvania and this showed the American people that he cared and wasn't the king sitting on his thrown and doing nothing. -
XYZ Affair
Early in the presidency of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France when France was terrorizing American ships. The XYZ Affair is the name given to the events that conspired when three American delegates went to speak to the French Foreign Minister. Instead, they met with three French agents (referred to as X, Y, and Z). The agents said that the Americans needed to pay money in order to meet with Marquis de Talleyrand. -
Adams creates U.S. Navy
Difficulties with France during his administration prompted him to push vigorously for construction of the Navy which had been neglected after the treaty of Paris .Navy Protected American trade routes, merchant ships, and defend the coast. President Adams scored political points for the Federalists as he informed Congress of the "XYZ Affair." By July 1798, Congress rescinded treaties with France marking the beginning of the Quasi-War. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
A series of laws known collectively as the Alien and Sedition Acts were passed by the Federalist Congress in 1798 and signed into law by President Adams. These laws included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote. Authorized the President to deport aliens and permitted their arrest, imprisonment, and deportation during wartime. -
Midnight Judges
Federalists lose the presidency and congressional power in the election of 180. In an attempt to hold onto the judicial branch Adams, on his last day in office, fills all federal courts with loyal federalists. James Madison, a member of Jefferson's cabinet finds the letter granting John Marbury a federal judgeship Jefferson orders Madison not to deliver it Marbury sues in order to get the position he feels is his. The Supreme Court sides with Madison and refuses to grant Marbury the position. -
Federalist out of Power
The End of the Federalist Era Jefferson would win the election of 1800 and bring an end to the Federalist Era and bring in the Jeffersonian Era. His victory and the resulting change in political ideology is known as “The Revolution of 1800. March 4, 1801
Thomas Jefferson is the first President inaugurated in the new capital city of Washington D.C. He delivers his first inaugural address. This address outlines what he feels are the essential principles of government. -
Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson was worried that the U.S. could lose control of New Orleans and lose access to the Mississippi River. He sends James Monroe to negotiate the Purchase of New Orleans. Napoleon counters with $15 million for all the Louisiana territory. Jefferson was an Anti-Federalist he strictly followed the Constitution which it doesn't mention adding territory to the country he debated with himself and decided that it has the best thing for the country. Jefferson sends Lewis and Clark to explore it. -
Embargo Act
The Embargo Act of 1807 was a general trade embargo on all foreign nations that was enacted by the United States Congress. President Thomas Jefferson acted with restraint, weighed public support for retaliation, and recognized that the United States was militarily far weaker than either Britain or France. This did great damage to the American economy. It does however encourage the growth of domestic manufacturing. -
War of 1812 Battle of New Orleans
The Battle of New Orleans while the war was already over because the Treaty of Ghent was signed but Andrew Jackson and his men didn't know that so Jackson had his main force dig in south of New Orleans at Chalmette Plantation, building defensive breastworks along a canal that stretched from the Mississippi River to the cypress swamp not far to the east. This gave the the advantage of high ground. British had 2,042 casualties while U.S. only had 71 casualties. -
Election of 1824
No candidate received a majority of the electoral votes.
Amendment 12 says vote goes to the House of Representatives. Henry Clay is the Speaker of the House so he drops out of the race. Jackson v Adams. Adams & Clay meet privately no one knows what is discussed In the days that followed the meeting, Clay publicly supports Adams and the House elects Adams as president 3 days later Adams appoints Clay to become his secretary of State. Jackson supporters claim it was a ‘Corrupt Bargain’. -
John . Adams as President
Some believed Adams allowed too much political control to be held by the elites. Adams believed in a strong, active, central government Creates a national university, Starts a astronomical observatory, Founds the naval academy. Many Americans saw Adams’ vision of a
mighty nation led by a strong president a threat to individual liberties. Tariff of Abominations effects on the Southern economy set a 38% tax on some imported goods and a 45% tax on certain imported raw materials. -
Spoils System
After taking office, Jackson fired many government employees
He dismissed more than 200 employees. Critics accused him of rewarding Democrats instead of choosing qualified men. Jackson felt that ordinary Americans could fill government jobs, instead of just the wealthy. Jackson was known as the Commons Man's. Spoils System practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs -
Indian Removal act
Introduction. The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830, authorizing the president to grant lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy. he goal was to remove all Native Americans living in existing states and territories and send them to unsettled land in the west. -
force bill
South Carolina was threating to secede if the tariff of abominations doesn't not become null and void. Jackson asked Congress to grant him the ability to use military force to compel South Carolina to accept and follow the law The Force Bill. Meanwhile Henry Clay proposed another tariff in Congress that would reduce tariffs significantly over the next ten years Compromise Tariff Both of these passed in 1833, and South Carolina repealed its
ordinance. -
Battle of he Alomo
Texas was part of Mexico, but it was a terrible place to live they gave land away to American citizens. So many Americans went to Texas that Mexico closed the boarders and got really strict on the taxes. Texans didn't like that and wanted independence. Government won't help Texas because they had to fight their own war. Davy Crocket still goes to Texas. Battle of Alamo lost but never surrendered. When Davy Crocket dies America was mad and agreed to help Texas if America absorbed Texas -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, that brought an official end to the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), was signed on February 2, 1848, at Guadalupe Hidalgo, a city north of the capital where the Mexican government had fled with the advance of U.S. forces. the United States got Texas, Rio Grande as the boarder, New Mexico, Arizona, California, The U.S. now have ports on two of the largest oceans. -
Fort Sumpter
The Battle of Fort Sumter was the bombardment of Fort Sumter near Charleston, South Carolina by the South Carolina militia, and the return gunfire and subsequent surrender by the United States Army. Fort Sumpter was built to protect but because it was in the south they thought it was an advantage for the Union. That battle started the American Civil War -
Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg fought on July 1–3, 1863, was the turning point of the Civil War for one main reason: Robert E. Lee's plan to invade the North and force an immediate end to the war failed. It stopped the Confederate momentum in the Eastern Theater and it probably killed any chance of Europe intervening. It gave the Federals a badly needed victory and boosted Northern morale. The collision of two great armies at Gettysburg put an end to that audacious plan. -
Lincoln Assassination
Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, was assassinated by well-known stage actor John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865, while attending the play Our American Cousin at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. Shot in the head as he watched the play, Lincoln died the following day at 7:22 am. John Wilks Booth was a supporter of slavery, Booth believed that Lincoln was determined to overthrow the Constitution and to destroy his beloved South. -
14th Amendment
Plessy v. Ferguson was the first major inquiry into the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment's equal-protection clause, which prohibits the states from denying “equal protection of the laws” to any person within their jurisdictions. Passed by the Senate the Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to all persons "born or naturalized in the United States," including formerly enslaved people, and provided all citizens with “equal protection under the laws,” -
Custer's Last Stand
The Battle of the Little Bighorn, also called Custer's Last Stand, marked the most decisive Native American victory and the worst U.S. Army defeat in the long Plains Indian War. The demise of Custer and his men outraged many white Americans and confirmed their image of the Indians as wild and bloodthirsty. Custer had suffered two bullet wounds, one near his heart and one in the head. -
USS Maine Explodes
Maine was a United States Navy ship. It was docked at the Havana Harbor during the Cuba's revolt against Spain. The USS Maine was stationed in Cuba to protect the American citizens that are in Cuba. The USS Maine was also sent to Cuba after the De Lome letter was discovered. In revolt Spain blows the USS Maine up killing 354 American crew members. This started the Spanish-American War. -
Battle of San Juan Hill
Theodore Roosevelt and his Rough Riders after the win at the battle of Kettle Hill. His success was told all over the the Country. And days later Theodore Roosevelt and his Rough Riders charged up the the Sau Juan. In the face of heavy fire Roosevelt led the charge up the hill. The storming of the San Juan Heights cost the Americans 144 killed and 1,024 wounded. Roosevelt and his men take the hill and the Spanish is forced to surrender. Roosevelt became a national hero. -
Muckrakers/progressive Era
The emergence of muckraking was heralded in the January 1903 issue of McClure's Magazine by articles on municipal government, labor, and trusts, written by Lincoln Steffens, Ray Stannard Baker, and Ida M. Tarbell. The muckrakers were reform-minded journalists, writers, and photographers in the Progressive Era in the United States who exposed corruption and wrongdoing in established institutions, often through sensationalist publications -
Trust Busting
Trust-busting is any government activity designed to kill trusts or monopolies. Theodore Roosevelt is the U.S. president most associated with dissolving trusts. However, William Howard Taft signed twice as much trust-busting legislation during his presidency. A trust is a monopoly (group of different things all controlled by one management). -
Start of the Panama Canal
The United States took over the project on May 4, 1904. The US continued to control the canal and surrounding Panama Canal Zone until the 1977 Torrijos Carter Treaties provided for handover to Panama. the United States mounted and completed one of the most massive construction projects in history the building of the Panama Canal. To create this ribbon of water between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, the Isthmus Canal Commission excavated 232 million cubic feet of soil. -
The Children's Bureau
President William Howard Taft started the Children's Bureau. The Children's Bureau began life in an era when child labor was commonplace, and one of its core initial missions was to work to relieve the misery caused by exploitative child labor. It was natural, therefore, to think of the Children's Bureau as aligned with the labor-related agencies, first Commerce and then Labor. -
Bull Moose Party
The Progressive Party was a third party in the United States formed in 1912 by former president Theodore Roosevelt after he lost the presidential nomination of the Republican Party to his former protégé rival, incumbent president William Howard Taft. because they split the Republican votes democratic nominee Woodrow Wilson became President. -
Harlem Hellfighters.
The 369th Infantry Regiment, originally formed as the 15th New York National Guard Regiment before being re-organized as the 369th upon federalization and commonly referred to as the Harlem Hellfighters, was an infantry regiment of the New York Army National Guard during World War I and World War II. It was founded in 1913.The Hellfighters, the most celebrated African-American regiment in World War I, confronted racism even as they trained for war. "Don't Tread On Me, God Damn, Let's Go" -
Dollar Diplomacy
Dollar Diplomacy was an economic policy of the United States of America begun during the William Howard Taft Presidency (1909-1913). The policy itself was aimed at furthering the interests of the U.S. abroad by encouraging the investment of U.S. capital in foreign countries, specifically, Latin and South America. It supported the overthrow of José Santos Zelaya and set up Adolfo Díaz in his place; it established a collector of customs; and it guaranteed loans to the Nicaraguan government. -
Automobile and new life it brings
Henry Ford introduced the Model T in 1908 for $850. Using scientific management and creating a moving assembly line he was able to reduce the time it takes to produce a Model T from 12 hours to 90 min. This also reduces the price to only $280. Ford wanted the best and most loyal employees to achieve that end, he offered his workers better wages, shorter hours, and weekends off. A boom in the automobile industry leads to expansion and opportunities in many other industries. -
16th Amendment Ratified
The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution allows Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states on the basis of population. It was passed by Congress in 1909 in response to the 1895 Supreme Court case of Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. Central role in building up the powerful American federal government of the twentieth century by making it possible to enact a modern, nationwide income tax. -
War Industries Board
War Industries Board. Created in July 1917, the War Industries Board controlled raw materials, production, prices, and labor relations It was intended to restore economic order and to make sure the United States was producing enough at home and abroad. National War Labor Board. It set quota, prices, and raw material distribution. other government agencies set regulations on transportation, fuel and coal, and wedges and strikes. -
Harlem Renaissance begins
The Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual and cultural revival of African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater, politics and scholarship centered in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City. The Harlem Renaissance was a golden age for African American artists, writers and musicians. It gave these artists pride in and control over how the Black experience was represented in American culture and set the stage for the civil rights movement. -
Zimmermann Telegram Released
On March 1, 1917, the text of the so-called Zimmermann Telegram, The Zimmermann Telegram was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office. A message from the German foreign secretary, Arthur Zimmermann, to the German ambassador to Mexico proposing a Mexican-German alliance in the case of war between the United States and Germany, is published on the front pages of newspapers across America. -
U.S. enters World War 1
In early April 1917, with the toll in sunken U.S. merchant ships and civilian casualties rising, Wilson asked Congress for “a war to end all wars” that would “make the world safe for democracy.” A hundred years ago, on April 6, 1917, Congress thus voted to declare war on Germany, joining the bloody battle—then optimistically called the “Great War.” We weren't prepared for war so they did a draft that required every able men 21-30 to enter. -
Espionage and Sedition Acts
Fearing that anti-war speeches and street pamphlets would undermine the war effort, President Woodrow Wilson and Congress passed two laws, the Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act of 1918, that criminalized any “disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language” about the U.S. government or military, or any speech intended to “incite insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny, or refusal of duty.” -
Armistice Day
Armistice Day is commemorated every year on 11 November to mark the armistice signed between the Allies of World War I and Germany at Compiègne, France, at 5:45 am[1] for the cessation of hostilities on the Western Front of World War I, which took effect at eleven in the morning—the "eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month" of 1918. The armistice initially expired after a period of 36 days and had to be extended several times. -
Red Scare
The Red Scare was a period during the early 20th-century history of the United States marked by a widespread fear of far-left extremism, including Bolshevism and anarchism, due to real and imagined events, events included the Russian 1917 October Revolution and anarchist bombings. After radicals sent dozens of bombs to prominent government officials and American businessmen, Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer initiated an anti-Red campaign appointing J. Edgar Hoover to the Justice Department. -
18th Amendment Ratified
The Eighteenth Amendment, which illegalized the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcohol was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1917. In 1919 the amendment was ratified by the three-quarters of the nation's states required to make it constitutional. While it was illegal Organized crime, Speakeasies, and Bootleggers all came into the picture. Gangsters like Pretty Boy Floyd, Machine Gun Kelly, Bonnie and Clyde, and Al Capone got a lot of power during this time. -
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles, signed in June 1919 at the Palace of Versailles in Paris at the end of World War I, codified peace terms between the victorious Allies and Germany. The Treaty of Versailles held Germany responsible for starting the war and imposed harsh penalties in terms of loss of territory, massive reparations payments and demilitarization. Far from the “peace without victory” that U.S. President Woodrow Wilson had outlined in his famous Fourteen Points in early 1918, -
Racial Tensions and the rice of the KKK
Nearly 400,000 African Americans served during World War 1. Many others had found well paying war jobs. Klan activity not seen since the 1880’s begins to rise again. Membership reached 5 million. Showing how mainstream they are, the KKK marches on Washington in 1926. The group is willing to use violence, intimidation, and political means to achieve their ends. Tacts are aimed at African Americans, Jews, Immigrants, and Catholics -
19th Amendment Ratified
The movement first picked up momentum in the west. Organizations like the National American Woman’s Suffrage Association sprang up. They used rallies, marches, lobbyist, magazine articles, and debates to further their case. Opposition emerged with organizations of their own. While generally peaceful, some women were seen as more racial using civil, disobedience, hunger strikes and some like Alice Paul were even jailed. The 19th Amendment is ratified in 1919 -
Sacco and Vanzetti
Animosity toward immigrants and those with ‘dangerous political positions’ were highlighted in the case of Sacco and Vanzetti. With very little evidence, the two Italian immigrants, and admitted anarchist, were charged with the murder of an employee of a shoe store during an armed robbery. Were controversially accused of murdering a guard and a paymaster during the April 15, 1920, armed robbery of the Slater and Morrill Shoe Company in Braintree, Massachusetts, United States. -
Scopes Monkey Trial
The Scopes Trial, formally The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes, and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was an American legal case from July 10 to July 21, 1925 in which a high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which had made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school. The trial was deliberately staged in order to attract publicity to the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, where it was held. -
The Start of the Great Depression
It began after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. Over the next several years, consumer spending and investment dropped, causing steep declines in industrial output and employment as failing companies laid off workers. Weak banks, little federal oversight, bad lending practices, personal spending habits, Credit, installment, rising personal debt. were all causes of the Great Depression. -
The Dust Bowl
Oklahoma, Texas, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, and parts of other states experienced the economic and environmental disaster known as the Dust Bowl. Overproduction, single crop farming. Plowed up grasses for farms to meet the needs of a booming wheat market. Soil exhaustion, soil erosion, Drought and strong winds, Homes buried, Fields blown away
Dust bowl the #1 ecological disaster of the 20th century, Food becomes more scarce, Many families forced to abandon farms ‘Okies’ and moved to California -
The Bonus Army March
World War 1 veterans had been promised a bonus for their service but they weren’t due to receive it until 1945. Because of the financial circumstances, many of them wanted and needed it now. Thousands marched on Washington, 1932 but their request was denied by the senate many left. Those who stayed congregated around the White House. After months, Hoover called out the army to disperse them
Military evicted them from D.C. and burned the camp - many veterans were injured -
The New Deal
The New Deal included new constraints and safeguards on the banking industry and efforts to re-inflate the economy after prices had fallen sharply. New Deal programs included both laws passed by Congress as well as presidential executive orders during the first term of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Sadly the New Deal didn’t fix anything, 7 years into the New Deal unemployment was still at 17% -
End of the Great Depression
Mobilizing the economy for world war finally cured the depression. Millions of men and women joined the armed forces, and even larger numbers went to work in well-paying defense jobs. World War Two affected the world and the United States profoundly. Companies like Chevrolet switch from making cars to making tanks. Companies that produced clothes and shoes now produced uniforms and combat boots. Everybody could find a job whether in the military or in a factories -
Packing the Courts
The Supreme Court declares 22 different provisions of the New Deal unconstitutional. Enrage, FDR threatens to expand the Supreme Court to 15 members meaning the he would nominate 6 ne SCOTUS members. A Supreme Court with 15 members would ensure FDR’s New Deal legislation would stand. As much as a hero and man of the people, they were wary of anyone tampering with the Supreme Court
This becomes known as the Court Packing Scandal. -
Home Life of World War 2
Americans are asked to conserve food and materials to help the war effort. Resources are tightly controlled and rationed to ensure that the military has what it needs to fight the war. Coal, iron, steel, gas, meat, rubber, nylon, tin, grains, aluminum, coffee, and much more are rationed each month ration books are sent to every household limiting what you can buy. Americans were urged to grow Victory Gardens and can grow their own food. Americans are urged to support the war by buying war bonds. -
Pearl Harbor
After Japan signed mutual defense pacts with Nazi Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union in 1940 and 1941, the U.S. froze Japanese assets and forbade all exports into Japan. Meanwhile, Nazi Germany continued its conquest of much of Europe. The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States against the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, just before 08:00 a.m., on Sunday, December 7, 1941. -
Battle of Midway
The U.S. Navy's decisive victory in the air-sea battle (June 3-6, 1942) and its successful defense of the major base located at Midway Island dashed Japan's hopes of neutralizing the United States as a naval power and effectively turned the tide of World War II in the Pacific. Japan hoped to defeat the US Pacific Fleet and use Midway as a base to attack Pearl Harbor, securing dominance in the region and then forcing a negotiated peace. -
Japanese Internment Camps
In the United States during World War II, about 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry, most of whom lived on the Pacific Coast, were forcibly relocated and incarcerated in concentration camps in the western interior of the country. Approximately two-thirds of the internees were United States citizens. Japanese internment camps were established during World War II by President Franklin D. Roosevelt through his Executive Order 9066. -
D-Day
The Normandy landings were the landing operations and associated airborne operations on Tues. 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. Codenamed Operation Neptune and often referred to as D-Day, it was the largest seaborne invasion in history. Allied forces had 156,000 troops on or supported by nearly 5,400 ships crossed the English Channel landing the troops on five beaches in Normandy 12,000 planes including bombers, fighters, and troop planes -
GI Bill
GI Bill benefits help you pay for college, graduate school, and training programs. Since 1944, the GI Bill has helped qualifying Veterans and their family members get money to cover all or some of the costs for school or training. Was a law that provided a range of benefits for some of the returning World War II veterans. AN ACT To provide Federal Government aid for the readjustment in civilian life of returning World War II veterans. -
Yalta
At Yalta, the Big Three agreed that after Germany's unconditional surrender, it would be divided into four post-war occupation zones, controlled by U.S., British, French and Soviet military forces. The city of Berlin would also be divided into similar occupation zones. Churchill, Truman, and Stalin decide how to deal with Germany and Japan -
FDR Dies Truman becomes President
His physical health began declining during the later war years, and less than three months into his fourth term, Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945. Vice President Harry S. Truman assumed office as president and oversaw the acceptance of surrender by the Axis powers. -
Bombing of Hiroshima
The United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August 1945, respectively. The two bombings killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people, most of whom were civilians, and remain the only use of nuclear weapons in armed conflict. Truman ordered the bombing of Hiroshima with the belief that it would shorten the war and save lives, though he was predominantly focused on American lives. -
First Levittown
The first Levittown sprang to life in 1946 on 1200 acres of potato fields on Long Island. To speed production and cut costs, Levitt offered just two basic house types. The scale of the project attracted national attention and made Levitt and Sons a household name. Entrepreneur William J. Levitt began building the largest housing project in American history. Levitt built 17,000 homes to accommodate approximately 82,000 people. -
Berlin Blockade
The Berlin Blockade was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War. During the multinational occupation of post–World War II Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway, road, and canal access to the sectors of Berlin under Western control. As a result of the blockade and airlift, Berlin became a symbol of the Allies' willingness to oppose further Soviet expansion in Europe. -
The Korean War
The Korean War began on June 25, 1950, when North Korea invaded South Korea in an effort to unify the two countries. The Korean War began when the North Korean Communist army crossed the 38th Parallel and invaded non-Communist South Korea. As Kim Il-sung's North Korean army, armed with Soviet tanks, quickly overran South Korea, the United States came to South Korea's aid. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483, was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that racial segregation in public schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. -
Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact provided for a unified military command and the systematic ability to strengthen the Soviet hold over the other participating countries. Created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955 as per the London and Paris Conferences of 1954. Establishing military alliances based on political philosophies. NATO was created to assist all countries attempting to fight communism. -
Rosa Parks Sits Down to stand up
Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional. The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. It was a foundational event in the civil rights movement in the United States. -
Little Rock 9
The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas. Eisenhower ordered the school open and ordered the troops of the 101st Airborne division into Little Rock to make sure the Little Rock Nine made it to school. -
NASA Established
In response to the Soviet Union's October 4, 1957 launch of its first satellite, Sputnik I the U.S. created The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and space research. The primary mission of the agency was to promote manned space flight. The Space race against the Soviet Union is on -
The Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis of 1962. The Caribbean Crisis, or the Missile Scare, was a one-month, four-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union which escalated into an international crisis when American deployments of missiles in Italy and Turkey were matched by Soviet deployments of similar ballistic missiles in Cuba. -
March on Washington
The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, also known as simply the March on Washington or The Great March on Washington, was held in Washington, D.C., on August 28, 1963. The purpose of the march was to advocate for the civil and economic rights of African Americans. More than 3,000 members of the press covered this historic march, where Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered the exalted "I Have a Dream" speech. -
John F. Kennedy is Assassinated
John Fitzgerald Kennedy, often referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination near the end of his third year in office. He was shot and killed by assassin Lee Harvey Oswald while riding in a motorcade through Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963. Vice President Lyndon Johnson was sworn in as president upon Kennedy’s death. -
US Air Strike On Vietnam
Initially, the USAF helped train and equip the growing South Vietnamese Air Force, while also building up radar, reconnaissance, air control, and counterinsurgency capacities. After the Gulf of Tonkin incident in 1964, a major military buildup began and many new types of aircraft arrived in country. In 1965, President Johnson authorized Operation Rolling Thunder, a sustained series of air strikes on North Vietnam that lasted until November 1968. -
Moon Landing
A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon. This includes both crewed and robotic missions. The first human-made object to touch the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 2, on 13 September 1959. The United States' Apollo 11 was the first crewed mission to land on the Moon, on 20 July 1969 astronaut Neil Armstrong’s first steps on the moon’s surface. The Space Race was over And America won.
