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Founded purely as an economic venture; began growing tobacco crops in 1612 for revenue with the labor of indentured servants
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First slaves arrive in America from Africa
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English Puritans leave England in search for religious refuge. Founded New England Colonies.
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Parliament forbade any foreign ships in British colonies in order to protect British economy from Dutch trade
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First established in Barbados in 1667, then in the tobacco colonies (DA, MD, and NC) in 1705, these codes restricted the rights of slaves and labeled them as "chattel" (property).
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Native forces allied and attacked New England settlements (Natives believed this to be the only way to preserve their way of life). The British paired with the Mohawk tribe to kill Metacom and end the conflict. **THIS CREATED DEEPER CONFLICT BETWEEN COLONIES AND NATIVES
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After lack of action toward Natives by Governor Berkeley, Bacon attacked natives and then plantations owned by Berkeley. Created conflict between Natives - made African slaves more reliable.
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The bloodless coup that overthrew James II in England. Throne was given to William and Mary and gave power to Parliament
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Over 3 million enslaved Africans carried on ships through the middle passage to New England to be bought and sold for labor.
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British seized colonial men and forced them to serve in the Royal Navy. This marked the beginning of colonists becoming more aware of their natural rights, and the dubbing of the notable slogan: "Give me liberty, or give me death!"
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This movement was caused by the New Light Clergy, a religious revivalist group that was Anti-Enlightenment. Jonathan Edwards and George Whitfield prominent figures of G.A. This created a more religious society within the colonies and even brought the colonies closer together.
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(Overt) In rebellion to the Slave Codes, a small group of slaves stole weapons from stores and killed its owners. They marched along Stono River and burned plantations and killed many whites. The rebellion was eventually squashed by SC Militia.
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Pitted colonies against the French colonies in the north. British victory.
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Peace Treaty for F&I War - The French was ousted of North America, Louisiana Territory was granted to Spain, and the British was now in possession of more than 2x land-holding in America (all east of Mississippi)
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Post F&I War - Forbade colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountain. This angered colonists, who felt they were entitled to the "spoils of war"
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Stricter version of the original Navigation Acts of 1650 - these acts hurt colonial merchants and shop owners, and hurt the smuggling business and economy in the Colonies
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Already in place to tax molasses, the Sugar Act added items such as luxury goods to be taxed
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All colonists were responsible to house and take care of British soldiers that were stationed in America.
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This put a large tax on paper goods in the colonies. ***THIS WOULD BE THE ACT THAT SPARKED THE DEBATED OF AMERICAN RIGHTS DUE TO ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY AT THE TIME
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A meeting held in NY - repealed the sugar and stamp acts because it was argued as "tyranny" by colonists
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This taxed all imported goods coming into the Americas other than British import. In response to this, colonists boycotted all British goods
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Created post Stamp Act Congress - Declared Parliament had the right to impose ANY laws in the colonies. The colonists were too preoccupied with the victory of the Stamp Act Congress to care
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After colonists harassed British soldiers stationed in Boston, there became a physical conflict that ended with 11 dead colonists
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Colonists dressed as Natives and dumped all the tea stored on shipping boats into the Boston Harbor. This was in response to the new tea monopoly mandated by the British that cut off tea import from West Indies. ***GROWTH OF PATRIOTS
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This Act shut down the Boston Harbor until all of the tea dumped was repaid for.
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Declared American independent of Britain. "Life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness." Contained principle's of Enlightenment thinking.
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1774: Wanted to stay as British subjects, however wished to deny and go against British taxation without representation
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This was a pamphlet written to display the ideals of natural rights. It was written in order to convince the common man in America for independence, and it did.
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Inspired revolutions worldwide: Haiti, France
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TURNING POINT OF WAR First American victory that shattered the troops in Saratoga. Convinced the French that the Americans were worth supporting in this war.
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FIRST CONSTITUTION Put all the power in ONE branch: Legislature; no national military; federal government had little to no power to tax the states
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This was the plan for annexation of new territory into America; abolished slavery in North West territories
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SHOWED WEAKNESS OF A. OF C. The country was under heavy debt and a failing economy. Shay gathered a militia of farmers to reek havoc. Caused a lot of damage before stopped due to the lack of president/army.
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At first a meeting to revise the A. of C., it turned into a meeting to completely replace it with a new constitution. Ended up opting for a more robust central government, and created 3 branches: executive, judicial, and legislative.
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VP - John Adams
Washington created a Treasury of: war, state, justice
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Made provisions for fair dealings between Natives and Settlers; largely ignored by settlers; increased conflict with America and Natives
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After Hamilton imposed taxes on whiskey (commonly drank by low class farmers), there were assaults on tax collectors from farmers. Washington sent 4 state militias to subdue the rebellion ***MANY FEARED THIS SHOWED THE OVER EXTENT OF FEDERAL POWER
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This created a border between Spain and America at the 31st Parallel (Spanish Florida)
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After 2 terms, Washington advised the nation to avoid foreign affairs (esp. with Europe), and to avoid the creation of political parties
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This angered many Americans - 3 French men offered a bribe to American diplomats trying to speak with French delegation.
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Alien Acts: deport non-citizen immigrants (aimed at Irish/Scottish and German immigrants)
Sedition Acts: Made it illegal to publicly criticize the government -
Declared that states have the right to nullify laws imposed by Congress that are deemed unconstitutional.
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Thomas Jefferson beats burr in the race for presidency.
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Large border conflict between U.S. and Mexico. U.S. won
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Ended Mexican-American War; Mexico ceded 55% of its territory (AZ, CA, NM, TX, CO, NV, UT) and gave it to America
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With the annexation of new land won in the Mexican-American War, settlers believed it be their divine right to expand west.
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British Army surrendered to the Continental Army in New York. ***WON AMERICA THE WAR