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The Church was entering the public realm for the first time.
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During this age, the Church will define Christological doctrines and heresies as she prepares to worship God more fully.
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The rise of Islam and the loss of the Christian East are major retreats toward the end of this age.
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The Edict of Milan legally recognized the rights of Christianity in the Roman Empire for the first time. This came with many benefits, but also many negatives. From this moment on, the Catholic Church would have to fight heresy in order to defend Truth.
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The hejira marks year 1 in the Islamic Calendar. Muhammad fled from Mecca to Medina after angering many of his own tribesmen by preaching monotheism. Soon after this "flight" Muhammad will return to Mecca and conquer it with his forces.