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Toussaint Louverture
He was the leader of the Hatian Revolution. His military genius and political acumen led to the establishment of the independent black state of Haiti, transforming an entire soceity of slaves in a free, self-governing. His military career as a leader of the 1791 slave rebellion in the French colony of Saint Domingue. -
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James Watt perfects Steam Engine
It was the first type of steam engine to make use of steam at a pressure just above atmosphere to drive the piston helped by a partial vaccum. Offering a dramtic increase in fuel efficeny, the new design replaced Newcomen engines in areas where coal was expensive, and then went on to be used in the place of most natural power sources such as wind and water. -
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Reign of King Louis XVI
He was the King of France and Navarre, after which he was subsequently King of the French, before his excution during the French Revolution. The first part of his reign was marked by attemps to reform France in accordance with Enlightment ideals. -
Soinning Mule Developed
Samuel Crompton ivented it. It had a fixed frame with a creel of bobbins to hold the roving, connected through the headstock to a parallel carriage with the spindles. He built his mule from wood. -
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Simon Bolivar
he was a Venezuelan military and political leader. He played a key role in Latin america's successful striggle for independece from the Spanish Empire, and is considered one of the most influential politicians in the history of the Americas. He particapated in the foundation of the first union of independent nations in Hispanic- Republic which was named Gran Colombia. -
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French Revolution
It was a period of radical social and politcal upheaval. The absolute monchry that ruled France collapsed within three years. French society underwent an epic transforrmation, as feudual, aristrocratic and religious privellages evaporated under a sustained assult. -
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Haitian Revolution
It was a slave revolt in the French colony of Saint- Domingue, which culminated in the elimination of slavery there and the founding of the Haitian Republic. The Hatian Revolution was the only slave revolt which led to the founding of a state. -
Cotton Gin Developed
Devolped by Eli Whitney it marked a major turning point in the economic history of the Souther United States. -
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Reign of Napoleon
He was a frenf military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars in Europe. He is best remembered for his role in the wars led against France by a series of coalitions, the so- called Napoleonic Wars. -
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Congress of Vienna
It was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich. The objective of the Congress was to settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutianry Wars, the Napolenic Wars, and the disscusion of the Holy Roman Empire. -
Unification of Italy
This was the political ad social movement that agglomerated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy. The process began woth the Congress of Vienna and the end of Napolenic rule. -
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First Opium War
It was fought between the United Kingdom and the Qing Dynasty of china over their conflicting viewpoints on diplomatic relations, trade, and the administration of justice. Chinese officials wished to end the spread of opium, and confiscated supplies of opium from British traders. The British government, although not officially denying China's right to control imports, objected to this seizure and used its miliatry power to violently enfore redress -
Communist Manifesto Published
It's a short publication written by the political theorists Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels. It has since then been reconginzed as one of the world's most influential political manuscripts. -
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Taiping Rebellion
it was a massive civil war in southern China, against the ruling Manchu- led Qing Dynasty. It was led by Hong Xiuquan, who announced that he had recieved visions in which he learned that he was the younger brother of Jesus. At least 20 million people died, in one of the deadliest military conflicts in history. -
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Crimean War
It was a conflict between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The war was part f a long-running contest between major European powers for influence over the terrotories of the decling Ottoman Empore. -
Bessemer Process Devolped
It was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from moltem pig iron prior to the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurties from the iron by oxidation with air blowing through the molten iron. -
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Second Opium War
It was a war pitting the British Empire and the Second French Empire against the Qing Dynasty of China. It was fought over similar issues as the First Opium War. -
Sepoy Rebellion
It was one of the most well-known uprisings during the British colonization of India was a mutiny of the native troops known as sepoys. It was a complete suprise to the Btitish, many of whom were blind to the unrest that had been created in part by the rapid impostion of direct British control over wo-thirds of India. -
Origin of the Species Published
It is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin wich is considered to be the foundation of evolutianry biology. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution, -
Emancipation of Russian Serfs
It was the first and most important of liberal reforms effected during the reign of Alexander II of Russia. It proclaimed the emancipation of the serfs on private estates and of the domestic serfs. -
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Meiji Restoration
It was a chain of events that restored rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. The goals of the restored government were expressed by the new emperor in the Charter Oath. It was responsible for the emergence of Japan as a modernized nation in the early 20th century. -
Suez Canal
It is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. It was opened after 10 years of construction work, it allows transportation by water between Europe and Asia without navigation around Africa. -
Unification of Gemany
The formal unuification of Germany into a politically and administratively intergrated nation state occured at the versailles Palace Hall of Mirrors in France. Princes of the German states gatheredd there to proclaim Wilhelm of Prussia as Emperor Wilhem of the German Empire after the French capitulation in the franco-Prussian War. -
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First Boer War
It was a rebellion of Boers against British rule in the Transvaal that re-established their independence. The conflict against the backdrop of the Pretoria government becoming increasingly ineffective at dealing with growing claims on South African land from rival intrest within the country. -
Panama Canal
It is a 48- mile ship canal in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Oanama and is a key conduit for international maitime trade. France began work on the canal in 1881 but had to stop because of engineering problems and high mortality rates due to disease. The united States later took over the project and took a decade to complete the canal in 1914. -
Berlin Conference
It regulated European colinization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period. It was called for by Portugal and organized by the first Chancellor of Germany, its outcome the General Act of the Berlin Conference can be seen as the formalization of the Scramble of Africa. -
Indian National Congress Founded
It is one of the two major political parties in India. It is the oldest democratically-operating political parties in the world. The party;s platform is largely considered centre-left wing in the Indian political spectrum as contrasted to the right-wing-socio-relgious-ultra-nationalist- based Bharatiya Janata Party. -
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Second Boer War
It involved large numbers of troops from many British possessions, which ended with the conversidon of the Boer republics into British colonies. These colonies later formed part of the Union of South America. -
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Boxer Rebellion
It was a anti-foreign, proto-nationalist movement by the Righteous Harmony Society in China, opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity. The uprising took place against a background of severe drought and economic disruprion in response to groth of foreign spgeres of influence. -
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Russo- Japanese War
It was the first great war of of the 20th century. It grew out of rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over Manchuria and Korea. -
All India Muslim League Founded
It was a political party which advocated the creation of a seperate Muslim-majority nation, Pakistan. It emerged from the Aligarah Movement, formed originally tp promote a modern education for Muslims. It was founded by the All India Muhammadan Educational Conference at Dhaka, in the midst of th eprotest over the Partition of Bengal in 1905.
