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1492
Colombian Exchange
The Colombian exchange is the exchange of goods, ideas, disease, and people between the americas, Africa, and Europe. Each continent gave and received different objects as horses, maize, turkey, etc. Each region was drastically changed due to this trade with crops and animals all entering their environment changing the area. -
1492
Columbus found the “Americas”
Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer,navigator, and colonizer who worked under the Spanish monarchy to find a new route to India for spices. Columbus sailed for months in search of India until he landed in the Caribbeans or India for what he thought. Once he learned of the new world he actually found he settled in the Caribbean’s but later died in a prison for the cruelty he committed in his colonies. -
1500
Age of Discovery begins
The age of discovery is the historic period in which Europeans made contact with the americas and began to sought opportunities to explore, discover, and colonize the new world. European navigators and sailors would sail from ports in Spain, Portugal, France, and britiain to explore the region for personal gain or gain for their nation. -
1503
Encomienda system is enacted
The encomienda system was a Spanish system that granted land to colonist settling in to the new world. These colonist would enslave natives to work and would exploit their resources until the natives were killed too much. Soon African slaves were replaced as a source of free labor since their wasn’t enough natives around. -
The lost colony was founded
The lost colony was founded sometime in 1585 under the leadership of Sir Walter Raleigh who was an adventurer, writer, a royal court member, and an explorer of the Americas. Raleigh sponsored the first English colony in present day North Carolina but it mysteriously disappeared with no trace of what happened but the single word “Croatoan” carved into a tree explaining the name the lost colony. -
Jamestown was founded
Jamestown was founded in 1607 and was the first permanent English settlement. Founded in Virginia, Jamestown struggled for awhile until tobacco was introduced to the colonist and the colonist learned how to farm. Tobacco became Jamestown cash crop allowing for the success of the settlement. -
Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact was Ann agreement to form a majoritian government, a government ruled by majority vote, in Plymouth.This set up a form of self-rule that would later lead to elected legislatures in New England colonies as the house of burgesses. -
Navigation Acts
The Navigation Acts is a series of British regulations in which Britain would tax goods imported from other places other than Britain. Britain also sought to control trade in the colonies in order to gain revenue from tax and trade -
King Philip’s War
King Philip’s War was a war between Native Americans and British colonist in the New England colonies. The War was caused by tension between the two groups due to colonist settling on Native land. The natives lost the war and ended naive resistance in the New England colonies, but gave the natives a hatred towards settlers. -
Pueblo Revolt
The Pueblo revolt started on August 10th, 1680 and lasted 11 days. This was an uprising of Pueblo Indians against Spanish settlers in Santa Fe, New Mexico due to colonist attempt to convert natives by force and for destroying their religious artifacts as well. The Spanish were expelled from the land for 10 years and once returned were more friendly to the Pueblo. -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem witch trials were the outbreak of suspected witchcraft in a Puritan village causing fear, stress, and hysteria against fellow settlers. Settlers who don’t hold Puritan views had more fear as they were most likely to be accuse of witchcraft and perhaps burned or hanged. -
The Enlightenment
The enlightenment period was the movement of European intelligence. The movement used ancient philosophy and promoted new forms of government based on reason. Many founding fathers and important documents follow or contain principles from the enlightenment movement. -
The Great awakening
The Great Awakening was a religious movement that brought more religion to the colonies by ways of moving and emotional preaching. This was the first cultural movement that united them 13 colonies and this movement is associated with the democratization of religion in the colonies. -
Stono’s Rebellion
Stone’s rebellion occurred in 1739 in South Carolina and was the biggest slave rebellion in the colonies. Named Stono for the Stono river that was by the rebellion, run away slaves broke into a shop and stole weapons for the rebellion. The estimate deaths is 47 caucasians and 44 slaves killed. -
Treaty of Paris signed ending the French and Indian war
the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1763 which officially ended the French and Indian War proclaiming Britain as victorious and granting them the majority of France’s claim to North America. Britain also signed a proclamation with Natives to stop fighting between natives and Britain proclaiming that Britain won’t settle in lands past the Appalachian mountains. -
Quartering Act and Stamp Act enacted
The Quartering Act Andy Stamp Act were enacted in 1765 in order to quarter soldiers and raise funds to pay off their debts for, the French and Indian War. The quartering Act order colonist to provide room and board to British soldiers hat were stationed at that colony. The Stamp Act taxed all papers bought by colonist with a Stamp being placed on the paper to show that the tax was payed. These acts angered colonist to refuse taxes without representation. -
Battle at Trenton
The battle of Trenton was a significant morale boost for the continental army. Also known as “ The Crossing of the Delaware” this was a surprise attack on Hessians on Christmas Day. This was a small, but significant battle for the colonist as this was their first real battle of the battle field boosting the troops morale and giving the soldiers hope for victory. -
Battle at Yorktown
The last battle of the revolutionary war where the continental army and the French navy was able to surround Gerneral lord Cornwallis and his troops in Yorktown while they were wating for supplies and reinforcements. The British army would eventually surrender after a few days of fighting the continental troops led by Alexander Hamilton. -
Treaty of Paris ended the Americans revolution
The Treaty of Paris in 1783 officially ended the American revolution, awarding the United States its independence from Great Britain and Great Britain’s claims in North America including the colonies and land. The new nation has now been giving the task to create a new government, code of law, institutions, and national identity. -
The Great Compromise
The Great Compromise is the combination of the Virginia plan and the New Jersey plan in which the governement will have a bicameral legislature. This includes a Senate, in which each state is given 2 representatives in the senate, and a House of Representatives, in which you gain more representatives the higher your population is. -
The United States Constitution made effective
The United States constitution was made effective on March 4th, 1789 after years of discussing what to be written, compromising, persuading, and the writing of the federalist papers to ratify the constitution. The constitution is our government’s foundation and gives a government with a direct over all citizens, protects the rights of individuals and states, and defines the powers of the national government. -
The Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana purchase was a deal between Napoleon of Franch and President Jefferson who bought the land for $15 million dollars. The land doubled the size of the United States for western expansion. This was seen as a hypocrisy for Jefferson as the purchase of land by the government was not stated in the constitution and Jefferson was a strict follower of the constitution. -
The War of 1812
The war of 1812 was a war between the US and Great Britain due to American outrage of the British navy seizing their ships, the impressment of their American sailors, and British aid to natives that were attacking western settlers. The war lasted for 2 and a half years and strengthened American nationalism and incouraged growth of industry. -
Era of Good Feelings
The presidency of James Monroe was named the Era of Good Feelings because of the high presence of independence and national pride. There was problems below the surface as tension dealing with tariffs, slavery, and political power. There were also a panic caused by the second bank of the United States that restricted credit for state banks causing less money to be in circulation. -
Panic of 1819
The panic of 1819 was by the Second Bank of the United States causing a financial crisis by restricting credit for state banks in order to curb inflation, but caused a dangerously low amount money to be in circulation. The low amount of money in circulation led to widespread foreclosure of homes, farms, factories, and banks leading to unemployment. -
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine was enacted in 1823 and declared that Europe may not interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere and any interfence will be seen as a threat to the US. The Doctrine also declared that colonies that gained their independence may not be recolonized by Europe. -
The Corrupt Bargain of 1824
The election of 1824 was very ugly as there were 4 candidates(John Adams, Henry Clay, William Crawford, and Andrew Jackson) with 2 candidate she attempting to defame one another’s reputation. The electoral college ended with a four way draw leading to a compromise between John Adams and Henry Clay. Adam won the presidency and Henry Clay got Secretary of State in return even though Jackson won the popular vote. -
Indian Removal Act
The Indian removal Act was authorized by Andrew Jackson and was to move Indians East of the Mississippi to the western frontier. Thousands of Indians emigrated to the west mostly willingly, but some were moved by force. This included the trail of tears from Cherokee land in Georgia to reservations in Oklahoma with 4,000 Cherokees dying by the cold, disease, and starvation during the 116 day journey. -
Battle of Fort Sumter
The battle of Fort Sumter was the location where the first shots were fired in the civil war. The battle was ensued due to the south bombarding the fort due to Lincoln’s plan to resupply the fort. The battle lasted 3 days and the next day, Congress declared war on the Confederate. -
Battle of Antietam
The battle of Antietam was the first major battle on Northern soil in Sharpsburg, Maryland. The battle was also the most bloodiest day in US history with over 23,000 soldiers killed, wounded, or missing. -
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address was one of the US best known and historically important speech. The speech was given at a dedication of a ceremony on the battlefield of Gettysburg and urged for the preservation of the Union. -
Creation of the Freedman’s Bureau
The Freedman’s Bureau was created as a welfare agency that provided food, clothes and medical care the freed slaves and poor whites in the South. The Bureau also reunited families separated due to slavery and established black colleges as the Morehouse college in Atlanta. -
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address
Lincoln’s second inaugural address was Lincoln’s attempt to unite the North and the South back into one nation. Lincoln’s wanted to bring a more forgiving and healing reconstruction era by motivating the nation to forgive the south and allow for the states to re-enter the Union. -
Assassination of Abe Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by a former confederate and pro-southern actor John Wilkes Booth. The assassination was meant to be as a last victory for the confederate army after the lost of the civil war conceived by Booth and a group of other southerners who were supposed to kill the rest of Lincoln’s cabinet but failed. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln was a major blow to the reconstruction era as many seen lincoln as the only person who could unite the nation again after the war. -
Civil Rights Act of 1866
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was passed by Congress over the veto of President Andrew Johnson as a response to the south’s black codes. The Civil Rights Act gave all African Americans full citizenship and was later turned into the 14th amendment as a more permanent solution, so democrats couldn’t over turn the act. -
The Transcontinental Railroad was Completed
The transcontinental railroad was finished on May 10th 1869 with a symbolic golden spike being nailed in to mark the completion of this historic event as the west coast and the East coast have finally been connected together. The railroad allowed for businesses and settlers to expand west leading to mining towns, cattle ranching, farming, and other untapped opportunities for personal gain in the west that were unavailable before the railroad was build. -
Battle of Little Bighorn
In June 1876, General George Custer led 700 men to battle the Sioux Indians. Custer underestimated the Sioux Indians as 7,000 Indians surrounded Custer and his men and slaughtered all of them. This was a short victory for the Sioux Indians as the Us army later retaliated by crushing the Sioux indians and hunted down their leader Sitting Bull. -
The compromise of 1877
Also known as the corrupt bargain of 1877, a deal between democratics and Republicans which stated that Hayes would be recognized as president in exchange for Union troops to be pulled out of the South. This deal ended the reconstruction era as the south gained back their government and social order with no supervision from the North. This led to laws being instated as the black codes or Jim crows laws which would segregate Blacks in the south. -
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 was the protest of railroad workers protesting against getting their wages cut again. Strikers would stop trains from leaving their stations until the decision to cut wages was taken back. President Hayes decided to deal with the Strike by sending federal troops to end the strike and this led to 100 workers being killed in the conflict and the workers gained nothing back for their struggles -
Chinese exclusion act
The Chinese exclusion act of 1882 denied any additional Chinese laborers, skilled and unskilled, into the United States with the exception of Chinese students and merchants. The Act was passed due to American workers that felt that Chinese laborers were taking their jobs and were working longer in cheaper in job markets as gold mining and in the railroad industry assembling tracks and carts. -
The Panic of 1893
The panic of 1893 took place on March 14th 1893, ten days after President Glover Cleveland took office. The crash was due to the over-production of railroads in the mid-west causing many major corporations to go bankrupt which led to banks and other businesses that relied on the railroads to go bankrupt as well. This led to a major crash in the stock market and the unemployment rate to sky rocket to five million. Cleveland did nothing to resolve these problems due to his laissez faire policies. -
Coxey’s Army’s March to Washington D.C.
Coxey’s Army’s March to Washington D.C. was led by an Ohio businessman named Jacob Coxey who demanded the US government to provide public works program to reduce the nations unemployment rate. The March at Washington contained 600 protestors who all persisted the long march, but the march was abruptly stopped by police as they arrested Coxey before he could give his historic speech. Coxey was arrested and charged with walking on the grass and his army immediately dispersed after his arrest. -
Atlanta Compromise
The Atlanta compromise is an important speech during the Progressive Era, because of how booker T. Washington spoke on how African-Americans should accept segregation in exchange for education and economic opportunities. Booker T. Washington wanted equality through hard work and racial independence, unlike W.E.B Du Bois who wanted equality though government and legislatives -
Teddy Roosevelt became president
Teddy Roosevelt took office after the assassination of his predecessor president William McKinley. Roosevelt's president you would be considered the beginning of the Progressive Era, because of how he regulated and reformed big businesses as the meat industry, supported labor unions and strikes, and placed executive orders to protect forests and parks. -
10-millionth Model T was rolled off the assembly line
The mark of the 10-millionth model T assembled off the Highland Park assembly line was an important milestone for American History. This showed the success of the assembly line on how it was able to produce so much in the time span of 9 years after the first assembly line being installed in 1913. Not only were Americans given cheap and reliable cars, but workers were paid well, the economy was booming, and Henry ford became a billionaire. -
The Great Depression began
One of the most severe economical recession in US history known as the Great Depression began October 29, 1929 and lasted 10 years. This was all caused due to over spending by US citizens who were buying goods by credit or payment plans. Americans were also buying stock under credit as well making stock prices become higher than they actually are. All this debt that US citizens were building up soon caused the economy to slow down and eventually crash, ruining banks, businesses, and citizens. -
Dust bowl
The beginning of the dust bowl began around November in the southern plains of the US during a drought. Strong winds, and loose topsoil caused by overfarming, caused giant dust storms to blow all throughout the southern plains and across the United States. The dust storm lasted a decade and during that time citizens were inhaling dirt that was carried in the air causing severe health issues. This and the loss of jobs lead to the migration of "Okies" to the west. -
The Social Security Act was Enacted
The social security act was enacted on August 14, 1935, by Franklin D. Roosevelt during his 1st term as part of the New Deal. The social security act gave retired elderly citizens 65 years or older a continuing income after retirement to support themselves. This was paid by a small income tax that's taken out from your paycheck to fund this program. The program also provided benefits for the disabled as well. -
D-Day
D-Day is the day when 160,000 allied troops breached Normandy landings lead by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower. The breach brought more than 5,000 ships and 13,000 aircrafts and by the end of the day, the allies had taken over the beach . This was an important moment during the war, because now nazi forces had to fight the allied forces from the both the West and East side of France. -
China falls to communism
On September 21, 1949, Mao Zedong declared the People's Republic of China after their civil war between the Chinese Communist Party and the Nationalist Party after World War II. Mao Zedong stated that he was fighting a corrupt and decadent Nationalist Government since the 1920's. Even with the support of the US, the communist party was victorious and on September, cannon firing salutes and flag waving towards Mao Zedong on his victory of setting Nationalist China into Communist China. -
The First Levittown is Constructed
The first Levittown was Constructed on November 21, 1951, by William J. Levitt under his company Levitt & Sons. The community was 22 square miles, taking 5,500 acres with 17,311 single family homes with churches, schools, schooling centers, and more. The houses were mostly owned by Word War II veterans and their families with the homes only costing $9,000-$17,990, all being landscaped and fully equipped. Veterans put no money down and only paid $60-$100 a month in mortgage payments. -
Brown v. Board of Education decision
On May 17, 1954, U.S. Suprme Court Justice Earl Warren delivered the unanimous ruling that segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment. This decision marked the end of the "separate but equal" decision and gave motivation to the civil rights movement during the 1950's. -
Sputnik Blast Into Space
On October 4, 1957, Sputnik was successfully launched into space by the Soviet Union.this historic event changed everything, because not only was this the first artificial satellite in orbit, but it also motivated the US to invest in its space technology leading to NASA and funding in education to give more scientist to win this space race which would lead to technological advancements and the first man to land on the moon. -
The Berlin Wall was Constructed
The Verlin wall was constructed by the German Democratic Republic to keep East Berliners from leaving and going to West Berlin meaning doctors, teachers, and others will highly skilled experience. Although the "official" reason was to keep fascist west Germans from entering East Germany and undermine their socialist state. As soon as the wall begin construction, thousand began to defect to western Germany with almost thousands leaving everyday in the first few months. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act was enacted on July 2, 1964 by Lyndon B. Johnson in honor of John F. Kennedy who's goal was for equality towards African Americans which was the reason for his assassinated. Under the Act, segregation based of race, religion, or national origin was banned at all public places and banned the ability to deny minorities service, because of color. The Act is banned discrimination by employers and forbid the funding of programs that segregate allowing the desegregation of school. -
The Voting Rights Act passed
The Voting Rights Act was signed into law on August 6,1965, 3 months after getting passed by the senate on May 26, and after a long debate from the House of Representatives till it was eventually passed on July 9th. The signing of this bill is important, because the Act banned the use of literacy test and gave federal oversight to certain Voting states to avoid discrimination. During the ceremony many civil rights leaders were present as Martin Luther King Jr. to witness the signing of the bill. -
Moon Landing
The First moon landing was on July 20, 1969, by two Americans mission commander Neil Armstrong and pilot Buzz Aldrin. The trip took 8 days, four to launch and land and another 4 to come back. This was a historic event in History, because it was the first time man has landed on the moon and broadcasted on live television. The famous words by Noel Armstrong "One small step for man, a big step for mankind" is famously connected to the moon landing. This also meant the winning of the space race. -
Watergate Break-ins
The Watergate break-ins was the biggest scandal the in 70's. the wiretapping of a democratic campaign headquarters and being linked back to US president Richard Nixon caused many to lose confidence in the government and president. The public was more outraged, because Nixon also tried to cover up the break-ins and was caught, because of leaked recordings of Nixon confessing to trying to cover up the scandal. Nixon resigned before impeachment and was the first president to resign office. -
War Powers Act
The War Powers Act or War Powers Resolution of 1973 was passed to limit the presidents power to enact War without the consent of congress. This removed the Golf of Tonkin Resolution decision to give the president the power to enact War. This decision was, because of what the terrible decisions made by US presidents as Nixon's bombing tactics dropping more bombs on Vietnam than during World War II. Also the anti-War protests helped with this decision as how millions didn't wanted the war to end. -
The Berlin Wall Fell
The Berlin Wall fell as the USSR began to decline and their grip on Eastern Europe slowly loosened. The East German government soon opened the border on November 9th with both East and West Berliners waiting with beers and champagne screaming for the gate to be open leading to a major street party at the border with citizens destroying the wall with hammers and picks and bulldozers taking down sections of the wall unifying the two sides. -
The Soviet Union Collapsed
The collapse of the USSR on December 25, 1991, due to the failed reforms to fix the USSR's economy by Mikhail Gorbachev who resigned the same day the USSR fell. Gorbachev tried to gain a better relationship with the world by removing his forces from Europe and Afghanistan, and dropping out of the arms race for being too costly. As the USSR's military presence faded, more countries pushed for their freedom from communism and one by one they gained their freedom and the USSR would fall. -
Terrorist Attack on the World Trade Center
The attack on the twin towers on September 11, 2001, caused a wave of fear in the public's eye and increased government spending in defense as the creation of homeland security to find any plans of terrorism in the us and out a stop to it. The transportation security administration or TSA was founded 8 days after 9/11 to catch any possible plans of terrorism on plans and to provide a feeling of protection to the American public. -
The Great Recession
The Great Recession officially lasted from December 2007 to June 2009, due to the bursting of the 8 trillion dollar housing bubble. This burst cause a downfall in jobs, losing 8.4 million jobs, causing family incomes to drop, poverty rates rise, and loss of health insurance for families. The housing market crash also caused a crash in the stock market with many big businesses failing, causing the government to give them bailouts so they can keep running.
