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John Quincy Adams is elected president without the majority of votes. His opponent, Andrew Jackson, won more votes but lost in the electoral college. This election was seen as a competition between an "egghead" and a man of the people (Rigney, 1991).
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(Kevane and Sundstrom, 2014)
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Seminal product of early modern anti-intellectualism. Proposes that all life comes from Atlantis (Diaz, 2021).
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The rise of industry leads to scholars-as-experts leads to a more positive attitude toward intellectuals. In addition, now college education was increasingly available to the middle class
(Rigney, 1991) -
Senator McCarthy encourages a widespread fear of communism, targeting intellectuals and specialists (Rigney,1991).
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The passage of the GI Bill provided veterans with financial aid for higher education, helping to create the media understanding of higher education that persists today. (Claussen, 2011)
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A fundamental shift in the Republican party to align with the American public (Shogan, 2007).
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Student activists work to make higher education more accessible for traditionally marginalized groups. (Waters and Dionne, 2019)
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The seminal text about American Anti-Intellectualism. Hofstader's work remains the most highly regarded text on the subject (Rigney, 1991)
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Challenges presented to the power of rationality. Can we ever know anything? Undermines the authority of intellectuals (Rigney, 1991)
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More books were challenged in 2021 than in any year previously. This reflects the culture of "fake news" and distrust in intellectual institutions (Italie, 2022).