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This topic is being covered in a Marketing class. The name of the class is Marketing Research 4202
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First thing we did when learning about the T-value was understand what is a T-Value. The t score is a ratio between the difference between two groups and the difference within the groups. The larger the t score, the more difference there is between groups. The smaller the t score, the more similarity there is between groups.
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The difference (signal) isn't large enough. Nothing you can do about that, assuming that your study is properly designed and you've collected a representative sample.
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The variation (noise) is too great. This is why it's important to remove or account for extraneous sources of variation when you plan your analysis. For example, you could use a control chart to identify and eliminate sources of special-cause variation from your process before you collect data for a t-test on the process mean.
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The sample is too small. Remember the effect of variation is lessened by sample size. That means for a given difference and a given amount of variation, a larger sample is more likely to achieve statistical significance.
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All the information mentioned above was retrieved from online lectures available in multiple streaming forms, class discussions and other resources and applied in our day-to-day class activities, homework and exams.
