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Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 1452 – 2 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect.While his fame initially rested on his achievements as a painter, he also became known for his notebooks, in which he made drawings and notes on a variety of subjects, including anatomy, astronomy, botany, cartography, painting, and paleontology. -
Constantinople was the capital of the Roman/Byzantine Empire, founded in AD 330. C. by the Emperor Constantine the Great in the Greek city of Byzantium.The siege of Constantinople began on April 6, 1453 AD. https://www.heritagedaily.com/2021/12/the-fall-of-constantinople/142293 -
Johannes Gutenberg is known for having designed and built the first known mechanized printing press in Europe. In 1455 he used it to print the Gutenberg Bible, which is one of the earliest books in the world to be printed from movable type. -
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 6 de marzo de 1475 - 18 de febrero de 1564, conocido como Michelangelo, fue un escultor, pintor, arquitecto, y poeta italiano del Alto Renacimiento . -
Isabel I of Castilla and Fernando II of Aragón got mariage and in effect they unify the crown of castilla and the crown of aragón creating the Hispanian Monarchy. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g88lO1SLYJ0
https://laekids.com/the-story-of-the-catholic-monarchs-for-kids/ -
Cristobal Colón discoverd America. Colón asked for money and things for spanish monarchs. The Reyes Católicos liked the idea, so they provided him materials. The ships he used are called La Niña, La Pinta and La Santa María. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yos2_iab8Zk&t=98s
https://nuestrahistoria.es/cristobal-colon-descubrimiento-america/ -
Juana I of Castilla, called "la Loca" was queen of Castile from 1504 to 1555, and of Aragon and Navarra, from 1516 to 1555, although since 1506 she did not exercise any effective power and from 1509 she lived locked up in Tordesillas, first for by order of his father, Fernando el Católico, and later by order of his son, King Carlos I. -
John Calvin from 1509 to 1564 was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism, including its doctrines of predestination and of God's absolute sovereignty in the salvation of the human soul from death and eternal damnation. -
The Ninety-five Thesesor Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences[a] was a list of propositions for an academic disputation written in 1517 by Martin Luther, then a professor of moral theology at the University of Wittenberg which was controlled by the Electorate of Saxony. -
Charles V was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria, King of Spain (Castile and Aragon) from 1516 to 1556. He was heir to and then head of the rising House of Habsburg during the first half of the 16th century. His dominions in Europe included the Holy Roman Empire, extending from Germany to northern Italy with direct rule over the Austrian hereditary lands and the Burgundian Low Countries, and Spain with its possessions of the southern Italian kingdoms of Naples, Sicily and Sardinia.
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The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in Tordesillas, Spain, on 7 June 1494, and authenticated in Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire (Crown of Castile), along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa. -
The first Act of Supremacy was passed on1534 by the Parliament of England. It granted King Henry VIII of England and subsequent monarchs Royal Supremacy, such that he was declared the Supreme Head of the Church of England. Royal Supremacy is specifically used to describe the legal sovereignty of the civil laws over the laws of the Church in England. -
The Council of Trent , held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent , now in northern Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church.Prompted by the Protestant Reformation at the time, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation. -
Philip II, was King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from 1580, and King of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until his death in 1598. He was also jure uxoris King of England and Ireland from his marriage to Queen Mary I in 1554 until his death in 1558. He was also Duke of Milan from 1540. From 1555, he was Lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands. -
Philip III was King of Spain from 1578 to 1621. As Philip II, he was also King of Portugal, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia and Duke of Milan from 1598 until his death in 1621.
A member of the House of Habsburg, Philip III was born in Madrid to King Philip II of Spain and his fourth wife and niece Anna, the daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II and Maria of Spain. Philip III later married his cousin Margaret of Austria, sister of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. -
Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez 1599-1660, known as Diego Velázquez, was a Spanish Baroque painter considered one of the greatest exponents of Spanish painting and a master of universal painting. He spent his early years in Seville, where he developed a naturalistic style of gloomy lighting, influenced by Caravaggio and his followers. -
Philip IV, also called the Planet King, was King of Spain from 1621 to his death and (as Philip III) King of Portugal from 1621 to 1640. Philip is remembered for his patronage of the arts, including such artists as Diego Velázquez, and his rule over Spain during the Thirty Years' War. -
Charles II of Spain from 1661 to1700, known as the Bewitched (El Hechizado), was the last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire. Best remembered for his physical disabilities and the War of the Spanish Succession that followed his death, Charles's reign has traditionally been viewed as one of managed decline. However, many of the issues Spain faced in this period were inherited from his predecessors and some recent historians have suggested a more balanced perspective -
The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict that took place from 1701 to 1715. The death of childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700 led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between his heirs, Philip of Anjou and Charles of Austria. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvkS3_TenSc -
The French Revolution was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy, while the values and institutions it created remain central to French political discourse.