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The Struggle of African Americans
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Dred Scott v. Sandford
Dred Scott v. Sandford It was a ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court that people of African descent brought into the United States and held as slaves or their descendants, whether or not they were slaves were not protected by the Constitution and were not U.S. citizens. -
Official Enrollment
Official EnrollmentCongress passed two acts that allowed Enlistment, Official Enrollment was after the September, 1862 issuance of The Emancipation Proclamation -
Freedom for Slaves
Freedom for SlavesThe Emancipation Proclamation declared that on The 1st of January 1863 that all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free. -
Emancipation Proclamation
Emancipation ProclamationIt was an executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War using his war powers. It proclaimed the freedom of slaves in the ten states then in rebellion, thus applying to 3.1 million of the 4 million slaves in the U.S. at that time. The Proclamation immediately freed 50,000 slaves, with nearly all the rest freed as Union armies advanced. -
The 54th Black Regiment
The 54th Black RegimentThe Assault on Fort Wagner in South Carolina, The 54th Massachusetts. This Black Regiment Volunteered to lead the attack on the heavily fortified Confederate position they scaled the forts parapet and were only driven back by the brutal hand to hand combat -
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandon Lands
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandon LandsThe Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, better known as the Freedmen’s Bureau, establishes headquarters in Leesburg and Middleburg. The Bureau’s job is to educate and protect freed blacks, and to help them adjust to a free society. -
Medal of Honor
Medal of Honor Powhatan Beaty, Alexander Kelly, Christian A. Fleetwood, and James Gardiner, James H Bronson and a few other African Americans adding up to 14 were awarded the Medal of Honor -
Battle of Appomattox
Battle of AppomattoxApril 9th, 1865 Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox. The once invincible confederate army of northern Virginia arrived at the Appomattox Court House one step ahead of the Union Army led by Grant -
The Assassination of President Lincoln
The Assassination of President LincolnPres. Abraham Lincoln passed away at 7:22 in the morning. He was Shot at near point blank by John Wilkes Booth. The Conspiracy was originally planned to kill the Vice-President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William Seward. Seward was stabbed but didn’t die and Johnson never had an attempt on his life. -
Ku Klux Klan
Ku Klux KlanThe KKK was formed to discourage blacks from voting issuing an era of terror in the southern states slowing the progress of civil rights throughout the southern states. They performed numerous crimes against blacks and other races. -
The 14th Amendent
The 14th AmendmentThe amendment was designed to grant citizenship to and protect the civil liberties of recently freed slaves. It did this by prohibiting states from denying or abridging the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, depriving any person of his life, liberty, or property without due process of law, or denying to any person within their jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. -
Reconstruction Acts
Reconstruction ActsBecause blacks were still not allowed to vote and run for office, the Reconstruction Act of 1867-1868 stated that all blacks could participate in every political decision required for making the new Southern State Constitutions. This act was very important because it meant that the whites were not going to have all the power to make political decisions. No matter what race people were, the gov -
The 15th Amendment
The 15th AmendmentThe 15th Amendment was the last of the “Reconstruction Amendments” to be adopted. It was designed to prohibit discrimination against voters on the basis on race or previous condition of servitude. Previously, the states had had full responsibility for determining voter qualifications. -
Hiram Revels
Hiram RevelsHiram Revels of Mississippi is elected the country's first African-American senator. During Reconstruction, sixteen blacks served in Congress and about 600 served in states legislatures. -
Black Exodus
Black ExodusThe Black Exodus takes place, in which tens of thousands of African Americans migrated from southern states to Kansas. -
Spelman College
Spelman CollegeSpelman College, the first college for black women in the U.S., is founded by Sophia B. Packard and Harriet E. Giles. -
Tuskegee University
Tuskegee University Founded in a one room shanty, near Butler Chapel AME Zion Church, thirty adults represented the first class - Dr. Booker T. Washington the first teacher. We should give credit to George Campbell, a former slave owner, and Lewis Adams, a former slave, tinsmith and community leader, for their roles in the founding of the University. Adams had not had a day of formal education but could read and write. -
The American Colonization Society
The American Colonization SocietyThe American Colonization Society, founded by Presbyterian minister Robert Finley, establishes the colony of Monrovia (which would eventually become the country of Liberia) in western Africa. The society contends that the immigration of blacks to Africa is an answer to the problem of slavery as well as to what it feels is the incompatibility of the races. Over the course of the next forty years, about 12,000 slaves are voluntarily relocated. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. FergusonEven though the Reconstruction Acts allowed blacks to be involved in political events, discrimination was still going on. Starting in 1892, twenty seven years after the Civil War ended, Homer Plessey went to jail because he would not move from his seat on the train to another car that was only for blacks. -
Harlem Renaissance
Harlem RenaissanceIt was a period of almost fifteen years when some of the most important and prolific writers, artists and musicians such as Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, and Eugene O'Neill, to name a few, emerged in the African-American community and took up residence in New York's Harlem district. -
Niagara Movement
Niagara MovementNiagara Movement founded to fight for school integration, voting rights, and assist African American political candidates, forerunner of the NAACP -
The NAACP
The NAACPIt was an interracial American organization created to work for the abolition of segregation and discrimination in housing, education, employment, voting, and transportation; to oppose racism; and to ensure African Americans their constitutional rights -
Marcus Garvey
Marcus GarveyMarcus Garvey establishes the Universal Negro Improvement Association, an influential black nationalist organization "to promote the spirit of race pride" and create a sense of worldwide unity among blacks. -
World War 1
World War 1Congress Declares war on germany to join the allies in World War One just 4 days after the request of President Woodrow Wilson. The first troops would arrive in Europe in June of that year. Roughly 370,00 African Americans were inducted into the army as a result of the draft and over a million had responded to there. -
Oscar DePriest
Oscar DePriestOscar DePriest became the First African American to hold office in The House of Representatives. He Became incredibly wealthy as a Real-Estate Agent partly through what would later become known as blockbusting He served one term and became the first African American to be Elected to the city council in Chicago -
Scottsboro Boys
Scottsboro BoysNine black youths are indicted in Scottsboro, Ala., on charges of having raped two white women. Although the evidence was slim, the southern jury sentenced them to death. The Supreme Court overturns their convictions twice; each time Alabama retries them, finding them guilty. In a third trial, four of the Scottsboro boys are freed; but five are sentenced to long prison terms. -
The Tuskegee Experiment
The Tuskegee Experiment
It was a forty year-long experiment in which 399 African-American men infected with Syphilis, near Tuskegee, Alabama are denied treatment in order to study the effects of the disease begins. The experiment is leaked to the press by Peter Buxton, a Public Health Service investigator and is subsequently ended in 1972. -
Jesse Jackson
Jesse JacksonHe is an African-American civil rights activist and Baptist minister. He was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1984 and 1988 and served as shadow senator for the District of Columbia from 1991 to 1997. -
CORE
CORECongress of Racial Equality (CORE) founded to fight for civil rights using nonviolent, direct-action protests -
Jimi Hendrix
Jimi HendrixHe pass away on September 18, 1970 due to a drug overdose. He was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter. He is widely considered to be the greatest electric guitarist in music history, and one of the most influential musicians of his era. After initial success in Europe with his group The Jimi Hendrix Experience, he achieved fame in the United States following his 1967 performance at the Monterey Pop Festival. -
Jackie Robinson
Jackie RobinsonJackie Robinson breaks Major League Baseball's color barrier when he is signed to the Brooklyn Dodgers by Branch Rickey. -
Segregation In The Military
Segregation Of The MilitaryPresident Harry Truman ends segregation in the U.S. military -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown vs. Board of EducationSpring 1951 was the year in which great turmoil was felt amongst Black students in reference to Virginia state's educational system. At the time in Prince Edward County, Moton High School was segregated and students had decided to take matters into their own hands to fight against two things: the overpopulated school premises and the unsuitable conditions in their school. This particular behavior coming from Black people in the South was most likely unexpected and inappropriate as White people h -
Malcolm X
Malcolm XMalcolm X becomes a minister of the Nation of Islam. Over the next several years his influence increases until he is one of the two most powerful members of the Black Muslims (the other was its leader, Elijah Muhammad). A black nationalist and separatist movement, the Nation of Islam contends that only blacks can resolve the problems of blacks. -
Emmett Till
Emmet TilFourteen-year-old Chicagoan Emmett Till is visiting family in Mississippi when he is kidnapped, brutally beaten, shot, and dumped in the Tallahatchie River for allegedly whistling at a white woman. Two white men, J. W. Milam and Roy Bryant, are arrested for the murder and acquitted by an all-white jury. They later boast about committing the murder in a Look magazine interview. The case becomes a cause célèbre of the civil rights movement. -
The Mother of The Civil Rights Movement
The Mother of The Civil Rights MovementRosa Parks (the "mother of the Civil Rights Movement") refused to give up her seat on a public bus to make room for a white passenger. She was secretary of the Montgomery NAACP chapter and had recently returned from a meeting at the Highlander Center in Tennessee where nonviolent civil disobedience as a strategy had been discussed. Parks was arrested, tried, and convicted for disorderly conduct and violating a local ordinance. After word of this incident reached the black community, 50 African-A -
SCLC
SCLCSouthern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) founded to coordinate localized southern efforts to fight for civil rights -
Desegregating Little Rock
Desegregating Little RockLittle Rock, Arkansas, was in a relatively progressive Southern state. A crisis erupted, however, when Governor of Arkansas Orval Faubus called out the National Guard on September 4 to prevent entry to the nine African-American students who had sued for the right to attend an integrated school, Little Rock Central High School. The nine students had been chosen to attend Central High because of their excellent grades. On the first day of school, only one of the nine students showed up because -
Greensboro Four
Greensboro FourFour black students in Greensboro, North Carolina, begin a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter (Feb. 1). Six months later the "Greensboro Four" are served lunch at the same Woolworth's counter. The event triggers many similar nonviolent protests throughout the South. -
SNCC
SNCCStudent Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) founded to coordinate student-led efforts to end segregation -
Freedom Rides
Freedom RidesIntegrated groups of protesters join Freedom Rides on buses across the South to protest segregation -
James Meridith
James MeredithJames Meredith becomes the first black student to enroll at the University of Mississippi. Violence and riots surrounding the incident cause President Kennedy to send 5,000 federal troops.
