A History of Art

  • Jan van Eyck
    1436

    Jan van Eyck

    Lucca Madonna
    -Virgin Mary
    -Tenderness towards the baby Jesus
    -Oranges in the window brings Mary closer to paradise
    -Lions symbolize Solomon and wisdom
    -Symbolism throughout
  • Albertus Pictor
    1470

    Albertus Pictor

    Playing Chess with Death
  • Carlo Crivelli
    1472

    Carlo Crivelli

    Madonna and Child
    -Apples and Flies symbolize sin/evil
    -Cucumber symbolizes purity
  • Raphael
    1510

    Raphael

    Madonna of Loreto (1509-1510)
    Lots of tenderness between Mary and Jesus
    Joseph hanging out in the back as a psychic being
    Mary is young
  • Lucas Cranach the Elder
    1526

    Lucas Cranach the Elder

    Adam and Eve
    -Strange things about virgins and proprietary
  • Titian
    1538

    Titian

    Venus of Urbino
    -Available, inviting
    -Venus is a goddess that is depicted nude
  • Ligier Richier
    1547

    Ligier Richier

    Le Transi de Rene de Chalon
    -Either his or his wife’s decision to memorialize him
    -Holds his heart in his left hand
    -Used to have the original heart, but it was stolen
  • Peter Paul Rubens
    1554

    Peter Paul Rubens

    Venus and Adonis
    -Venus is pricked by her son, Cupid’s, arrow and falls in love with Adonis
    -Mother as a sexual being
  • Pieter Bruegel the Elder
    1562

    Pieter Bruegel the Elder

    The Triumph of Death
    -Scorched barren earth and no signs of healthy life
    -Skeletons are taking over the living, who are running or fighting ineffectively
    -If death is personified then they are usually a fucking immortal god-slaying beast
  • Pieter Bruegel the Elder
    1567

    Pieter Bruegel the Elder

    The Peasant Wedding (1567)
    -In peasant life/everyday life
    -Landowner on the furthest right
    -In a wedding
    -Porridge/grain based food
  • Michelangelo

    Michelangelo

    Pieta
    -Marble sculpture
    -Tenderness between mother and child despite his age
    -She’s still youthful/virgin imagery (virginity = youth)
  • Jean Sanchez Cotan

    Jean Sanchez Cotan

    Still Life with Quince, Cabbage, Melon, and Cucumber
    -Lots of symbolism that is exclusive to the time period
  • Frans Snyders

    Frans Snyders

    Still Life with Dead Game, Fruits, and Vegetables in a Market (1614)
    -Baroque
    -Peacock is Vanity
    -Dove is Purity
  • Artemisia Gentileschi

    Artemisia Gentileschi

    Judith Slaying Holofernes
    -Baroque
    -Daughter of a painter, so got exempt from patriarchy
    -Depicts the Old Testament story of Judith, the heroine, killing the Assyrian general
    -She was raped by her sensei
  • Pieter Claesz

    Pieter Claesz

    Vanitas Still Life with Self Portrait
    -a form of still life from the Netherlands
    -recognizable by a skull and timepiece
    -refers to vanity
  • Willem Claesz Heda

    Willem Claesz Heda

    Still LIfe, oil on wood
    -Sort of a vanitas
    -It’s a moralizing image
  • Johannes Vermeer

    Johannes Vermeer

    The Milkmaid
    -Pouring into Dutch oven
    -Not actually poor/a milkmaid
  • Rembrandt van Rijn

    Rembrandt van Rijn

    Self Portrait
    -Light in last symbolizes change in character later in life
  • Jan Steen

    Jan Steen

    The Dissolute Household
    -The wife is stepping on the Bible trying to get alcohol
    -The husband is trying to get with the maid
  • Thomas Gainsborough

    Thomas Gainsborough

    Mr. and Mrs. Andrews
    -Couple without heads and identity
  • Jean-Honore Fragonard

    Jean-Honore Fragonard

    The Swing
  • E-L Boulee

    E-L Boulee

    Newton Cenotaph
    -Giant sphere for a tomb larger than the pyramids of Giza(?)
    -Surrounded by cypress trees
  • E-L Boulee

    E-L Boulee

    Library
    -Most of his work is hypothetical
    -His works have emphasis on symbology
  • Jacques Louis David

    Jacques Louis David

    The Death of Marat
    -During a time of hyper-embellishment
    -Marat had a disease that required him to be in the bathtub a lot
    -Murdered by a woman, with the knife being in the painting
    -The large space in the background is contemplative
    -Marat is Jesus-like, with no skin-disease present
  • David, Jacques-Louis

    David, Jacques-Louis

    Self Portrait
    -Portrayed himself as young in his last because of how he wanted to be remembered
  • Jacques-Louis David

    Jacques-Louis David

    Napoleon Crossing the Alps
  • William Blake

    William Blake

    House of Death
    -Shows the creator presiding over his creations inevitable death
  • Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres

    Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres

    La Grand Odalisque
    -Prostitute
    -Painting for men
    -She does not have any power
  • Francisco de Goya

    Francisco de Goya

    Self Portrait
    -In each he becomes more sickly until the last when he's almost dead
  • Theodore Gericault

    Theodore Gericault

    The Raft of the Medusa
    -He built a model
    -Studied dead bodies
    -Talked to survivors of raft
  • William Blake

    William Blake

    Life mask
    -Made when he was still alive
  • Thomas Cole

    Thomas Cole

    The Course of an Empire Series
    The Savage State
    The Arcadian or Pastoral State
    The Consummation of Empire
    Destruction
    Desolation
    -Nature is dominant
    -Series shows purity of nature
    -Born in England
  • Eugene Delacroix

    Eugene Delacroix

    Self Portrait
  • Eugene Delacroix

    Eugene Delacroix

    George Sand painting of women
  • Gustave Courbet

    Gustave Courbet

    The Desperate Man (Self Portrait)
  • Jon Mix Stanley

    Jon Mix Stanley

    Osage Scalp Dance
  • Gustave Courbet

    Gustave Courbet

    Portrait of Baudelaire
  • George Catlin

    George Catlin

    Self Portrait Among the Mandans
  • Edouard Manet

    Edouard Manet

    Olympia
    -She is in power
    -She looks at the viewer in the eye
    Bar at the Folie Bergere (1882)
    Barmaid, melancholy
    Notable prostitute in France
    Oranges became symbol for prostitution
  • Timothy H. O’Sullivan

    Timothy H. O’Sullivan

    The Harvest of Death
    -Moved dead Union soldiers around on the Gettysburg battlefield to create to perfect picture
  • James Abbott McNeill Whistler

    James Abbott McNeill Whistler

    The Artist in His Studio
  • Gustave Courbet

    Gustave Courbet

    Woman with Parrot
    -Realism Period
    -After being ravaged
    -She is a mess/used up
  • James McNeill Whistler

    James McNeill Whistler

    Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1
    -Painting of his mother
    -She is severe
    -She is placed in a cold and gray background
  • Camille Pizarro

    Camille Pizarro

    Self Portrait
  • Thomas Eakins

    Thomas Eakins

    The Gross Clinic
    -Shows the surgery theater for something other than surgery
    -Eakins himself is in the picture in da back
  • Frederick Edwin Church

    Frederick Edwin Church

    The Aegean Sea
  • Edouard Manet

    Edouard Manet

    Self Portrait
  • William Blake

    William Blake

    L’Inconnue de la Seine
    -Morgue worker found a dead girl that was so pure and did not have any of the agony
  • Paul Cézanne

    Paul Cézanne

    Self Portraits
  • Vassily Maksimov

    Vassily Maksimov

    The Sick Husband
    -Icon corner
    -Russian Orthodoxy
    -A mix of Catholicism and other stuff
  • Edouard Manet

    Edouard Manet

    Bar at the Folie Bergere
    -Barmaid, melancholy
    -Notable prostitute in France
    -Oranges became symbol for prostitution
  • Toulouse- Lautrec

    Toulouse- Lautrec

    Self Portrait in front of a Mirror
  • Vincent VanGogh

    Vincent VanGogh

    The Potato Eaters
    -About common people again
    -Darkly lit and shadowy/poor
  • Claude Monet

    Claude Monet

    Self Portrait
  • Vincent Van Gogh

    Vincent Van Gogh

    Self Portrait
    -Show his struggle with his self image
  • Van Gogh

    Van Gogh

    Portrait of the Artist’s Mother
    -Warm portrait
  • Repin

    Repin

    They Did Not Expect Him
  • Paul Gauguin

    Paul Gauguin

    Self Portrait
    -Arrogant thought that he would make it to heaven and that he was above good and evil (Snake, apples, Halo)
  • Marie Cassatt

    Marie Cassatt

    Maternité
    -Breastfeeding
    Portrait of the Artist’s Mother
    -The start of women in the artspace besides men
  • Henry Ossawa Tanner

    Henry Ossawa Tanner

    The Banjo Lesson
  • Paul Cezanne

    Paul Cezanne

    The Basket of Apples
    -Deemphasized realism
    -One of the few that he signed
    -Skewed perspective
    -Meditation on the material vs the depiction
  • Pablo Picasso

    Pablo Picasso

    -Started to show his change to cubism
    -Gertrude Stein portrait which she returned with a painting of him
  • Polenov

    Polenov

    He That Is Without sin
    -Representational art
  • Marianne Stokes

    Marianne Stokes

    Death and the Maiden
  • Egon Schiele

    Egon Schiele

    Tote Mutter (Dead Mother)
    -He painted a lot of prostitutes
    -Depicted them as bony and disfigured
    -The painting depicts a baby and its dead dead mother
    -Baby is painted in warm colors because it is still alive, mother is painted in cooler colors because she is dead
  • Antonio Gaudí

    Antonio Gaudí

    Casa Mila
  • James Ensor

    James Ensor

    The Banquet of the Starved
    -Emulates the Last Supper
    -During WWI
    -Shows the turmoil of the War
    -Depicts famine
  • Constantin Brâncuşi

    Constantin Brâncuşi

    The Newborn
  • Man Ray

    Man Ray

    Mina Loy
    -Loving portrait
    -Showed the assemblage of inanimate objects with humans
  • Hannah Hoch

    Hannah Hoch

    Marlene
    -Graffiti
    -Body parts were combined with architecture and body parts from other sexes
  • Vladimir Tatlin

    Vladimir Tatlin

    Monument to the Third International
    -Leftist piece
    -Constructionist movement
  • James Van Der Zee

    James Van Der Zee

    Evening Attire
    -Harlem Renaissance
    -Photo of Marcus Garvey
  • Diego Rivera

    Diego Rivera

    Dia de los Muertos
    -Celebration rather than mourning
  • Constantin Brâncuşi

    Constantin Brâncuşi

    Bird In Space
    -Court case over whether it was art or not
    -Delicacy in forms
  • Rene Magritte

    Rene Magritte

    The Treachery of Images
    -Drawing of a pipe
  • Meret Oppenheim

    Meret Oppenheim

    Votive picture (Strangling Angel)
    -Depicts woman strangling child
    -Symbolizes her constraint when married on her artistic license
  • Dorothea Lange

    Dorothea Lange

    Migrant Mother With Three Children
    -Poor migrant mother during the Great Depression
    -Shows the suffering and responsibility of a mother
  • Käthe Kollwitz

    Käthe Kollwitz

    Death series
    -Kollwitz was a drawing professor
    -Seen as a degenerate artist by Hitler
  • Frida Kahlo

    Frida Kahlo

    The Two Fridas
    -One is wearing traditional European clothing, the other with traditional Hispanic clothing
    -Right after her divorce
  • Isamu Noguchi

    Isamu Noguchi

    Leda
  • Alberto Giacometti

    Alberto Giacometti

    Seated Man
  • Salvador Dali

    Salvador Dali

    Crucifixion
    -Towards the end of his life
    -Nuclear mysticism
  • Ingmar Bergman

    Ingmar Bergman

    The Seventh Seal film
  • Yves Klein

    Yves Klein

    Anthropometry of the Blue Period (ANT 82)
    -Used naked female bodies as stamps with blue paint
  • Alberto Giacometti

    Alberto Giacometti

    Walking Man I
  • Andy Warhol

    Andy Warhol

    Campbell’s Soup Cans
    -Mass production of food and homogenization of it
  • Claes Oldenburg

    Claes Oldenburg

    Floor Burger
    - Both a painting and a sculpture, a baroque interpretation
  • Allison Knowles

    Allison Knowles

    Make a salad
    -Made a salad to feed people
    -Performance piece
  • Asger Jorn

    Asger Jorn

    Souriez Rue Froide
  • Andy Warhol

    Andy Warhol

    Twelve Electric Chairs
    -Simple, elegant
    -Empty room with an empty chairs
    -Temporary bliss of object or subject
  • Asger Jorn

    Asger Jorn

    Jorn’s Response to Guggenheim Award
    -Didn’t want money
    -$100,000
  • Marcel Broodthaers

    Marcel Broodthaers

    Triomphe de Moules I
    - Made from an iron pot, mussel shells, and paint
  • Joseph Kusth

    Joseph Kusth

    One and Three Chairs
    Photograph of the chair (Icon)
    Description of the chair in writing (Symbol)
    The actual chair (Object)
  • Isamu Noguchi

    Isamu Noguchi

    Worm Pyramid
  • Bruce Nauman

    Bruce Nauman

    Collection of Various Flexible Materials Separated by Layers of Grease with Holes the Size of My Waist and Wrists (1966)
    Dance or Exercise on the Perimeter of a Square (1967-1968)
    Failing to Levitate in the Studio (1996)
  • Isamu Noguchi

    Isamu Noguchi

    Slide Mantra
    -Power of form
  • Juan Miro

    Juan Miro

    Seated Woman and Child (Femme assise et enfant)
    -Cast sculpture
    -Influenced by found object stuff
  • Richard Long

    Richard Long

    A Line Made By Walking
  • Robert Smithson

    Robert Smithson

    A Nonsite, Franklin, New Jersey
    -Questioned what landscape means
  • Helio Oiticica

    Helio Oiticica

    Eden
    -Audio in tent
    -Foam in pit
    -Interactive
    -Brings his experience into art world
    -Parangoles
    -Wearable sculpture
    -Films and public performances
  • David Hammons

    David Hammons

    The Door (Admissions Office)
    -Black Identity
    -Modernist sculpture
    -References that african americans were not allowed the same schooling
  • Bas Jan Ader

    Bas Jan Ader

    Fall I, Los Angeles
    Fall 2, Amsterdam
    -Pictures of artist right before falling Real pictures of hurting himself
  • Daniel Wolf

    Daniel Wolf

    Vietnam Referendum ‘70 Committee, Let the People Vote on War
    -Lithograph with pen and ink
    -Many of these pieces were created using different printing techniques like silk screen. Some of the earlier prints were made by wooden block prints
  • Mark Rothko

    Mark Rothko

    Rothko Chapel
    -Non denominational
    -Believes in spiritual power of color
    -Octagon inscribed in greek cross
    -Nelson Mandela spoke there
  • Alejandro Jodorowksy

    Alejandro Jodorowksy

    -The Holy Mountain
    -Film
    -Jesus killing plaster casts
  • Nancy Holt

    Nancy Holt

    Sun Tunnels
    -Show solstices and equinoxes that shine light through
  • Dieter Roth

    Dieter Roth

    Literaturwurst (1961-1974)
    -Play on the words Literature and Bratwurst
    -He made sausages of books, ground books
  • Carolee Schneeman

    Carolee Schneeman

    Interior Scroll
    -Performance
    -She covers herself with mud/paint and pulls a scroll out of her vagina. She then proceeds to read it to her audience.
  • Ana Mendieta

    Ana Mendieta

    From Silueta Series
    -Merging herself or a depiction of herself with nature in earthworks
  • Nam June Paik

    Nam June Paik

    TV Buddha
    -Self-reflection through technology
  • Francesca Woodman

    Francesca Woodman

    House #3 Providence, Rhode Island
    -Suicide at 22
  • Cindy Sherman

    Cindy Sherman

    Bus Rider Series
  • Christo and Jeanne Claude

    Christo and Jeanne Claude

    Running Fence
  • Walter De Maria

    Walter De Maria

    The Lightning Field
  • Romare Bearden

    Romare Bearden

    Quilting Time
  • Jean Michel Basquiat

    Jean Michel Basquiat

    Fallen Angel
  • Hannah Wilke

    Hannah Wilke

    SOS Starification Object Series
    -Black and White silver gelatin prints of her nude
    Fifteen chewing gum vanginas
  • Maya Lin

    Maya Lin

    Vietnam Wall
    -Her design was picked but people wanted her to add soldiers and a flag
  • Keith Harring

    Keith Harring

    Fertility Series B
    -Silkscreen prints based on imagery depicting fertility and pregnancy
  • Guerilla Girls

    Guerilla Girls

    -Activist group founded in 1985
    -Protest the ‘poor’ usage of the woman body in art, more specifically in museums
  • Mona Hatoum

    Mona Hatoum

    Performance Still
    -Skinhead fight
    -Circumambulation
  • Edgar Heap of Birds

    Edgar Heap of Birds

    Relocate Destroy, In Memory of Native Americans, In Memory of Jews
  • Andres Serrano

    Andres Serrano

    Piss Christ
    -Submerged in urine
    -Different pictures in different liquids
  • David Wojnarowicz

    David Wojnarowicz

    Controversial Still from “A Fire in my Belly”
    -Video and sound (4 minutes)
    -Experience with AIDS
  • Yasumasa Morimura

    Yasumasa Morimura

    Portrait (Futago)
    -They’re men now and dressed as women
  • Lorna Simpson

    Lorna Simpson

    Stereo Styles
    -Uses advertizing to model her work
    -This piece show popular hairstyles at the time
  • Rasheed Araeen

    Rasheed Araeen

    Bismullah
    -About identity
    -How cultures are held down by european white culture
    -Overlayed pictures
    -Arabic for “In the name of Allah”
  • Adrian Piper

    Adrian Piper

    Cornered
    -Performance
    -Her black experience
  • Keith Haring

    Keith Haring

    Ignorance = Fear/Silence = Death
    -Lithograph
  • Cindy Sherman

    Cindy Sherman

    Untitled #215 (1989)
    Dresses up in different ages attire
  • Lorna Simpson

    Lorna Simpson

    Guarded Conditions
    Skin attacks = violence against African Americans
  • Nancy Spero

    Nancy Spero

    Picasso and Frederick’s of Hollywood
    -Hand-printed collage
    -From Cleveland
  • Carrie Mae Weems

    Carrie Mae Weems

    The Kitchen Table Series
    -Real point was social inclusion
  • Felix Gonzalez Torres

    Felix Gonzalez Torres

    Untitled (Portrait of Ross in L.A.)
    -175 lbs. of candy: weight of his lover
    -Visitors take a piece
  • Sally Mann

    Sally Mann

    Immediate Family
    -A series of work
    -More sensual and sexual stuff with her children
    -Treating children as adults
  • Ildar Khanov

    Ildar Khanov

    The Temple of All Religions
    -Kazan, Russia
    -An attempt to cobble all religions under one roof
  • Glenn Ligon

    Glenn Ligon

    Four Untitled Etchings
  • Fred Wilson

    Fred Wilson

    Mining the Museum
    -Modernized modern art museums
    -Institutional critic = why is history presented the same way
    -Slave shackles up front change the narrative of picture
  • Fred Wilson

    Fred Wilson

    Modes of Transport
    -Clans hood in baby stroller
    -Crucifix before chairs
    -Indians looking at art
  • Guillermo Gómez Peña and Coco Fusco

    Guillermo Gómez Peña and Coco Fusco

    The Couple in a Cage:Two Amerindians Visit the West
    -Performance
    -Audience was allowed to interact
    -Used student as guards and to explain the performance
    -Made up tribe
  • Louise Bourgeois

    Louise Bourgeois

    Spider
    -The spider symbolizes her relationship with her mother
  • Rineke Dijkstra

    Rineke Dijkstra

    New Mothers Series
    -Catches people in their most vulnerable state
    -Photograph taken right after birth
  • Rudolf Stingel

    Rudolf Stingel

    Untitled
    -Cast urethane rubber
    -Represents the snippeting of cultures by America
    -The lack of respect and actual sincerity when Buddhism was reappropriated
    -“Pure decoration”
  • Lorna Simpson

    Lorna Simpson

    Wigs
    -Exploration of history of ethnic hairstyles in African cultures
  • Terry Adkins

    Terry Adkins

    Assembly
    -The Lone Wolf Recital Corps
  • Sophie Calle

    Sophie Calle

    The Chromatic Diet
    -colorful meals for everyday of the week
  • Montien Boonma

    Montien Boonma

    -Allowed to be a part of the construction
    -Calming of the mind
    -Domination of space
  • Rachel Whiteread

    Rachel Whiteread

    Judenplatz Holocaust Memorial
    -Replaced last memorial because of the previous aesthetic of the jews being beaten down
  • Glenn Ligon

    Glenn Ligon

    Condition Report
    -Uniform text
    -Power of text as an image
  • Yinka Shonibare

    Yinka Shonibare

    The Swing
  • Doris Salcedo

    Doris Salcedo

    Installation of the 8th International Istanbul Biennial
    -Columbian artist
    -1550 wooden chairs
    -Mass graves reminder for her
    -Implied bodies that have been lost
  • Rithy Panh

    Rithy Panh

    S21 The Khmer Rouge Killing Machine
    -Thousands killed
    -Marxist backgrounds
    -Two survivors
  • Catherine Opie

    Catherine Opie

    Self Portrait Nursing
    -She has ‘Pervert’ tattooed in white ink on her chest
  • Marlene Dumas

    Marlene Dumas

    Stern
    -Contemporary art about death
    -Death portrait
    -Original work had rope around neck
  • Francis Alÿs

    Francis Alÿs

    The Green Line
    -Poetic artwork
    -Dumping green paint as he walks through Jerusalem
  • Peter Eiserman

    Peter Eiserman

    Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe
    -Memorial to the jewish prisoners killed
    -Underground facility with learning center
    -Piece has to do with loss of identity amongst the numbers because of the many who died and each block being different has to do with the individuality of each prisoner
  • Kehinde Wiley

    Kehinde Wiley

    Napoleon Leading the Army over the Alps
  • Kara Walker

    Kara Walker

    Cotton Hoards in Southern Swamp
    -Young black person under her skirt
  • Maren Hassinger

    Maren Hassinger

    Love
    -Pink plastic shopping bags filled with love notes inflated by human breath
  • Ken Gonzales Day

    Ken Gonzales Day

    The Wonder Gaze
    -Erased Lynching Series
    -Removes bodies and leaves the picture haunting and still violent
  • David Altmejd

    David Altmejd

    The Giant 2
    -You need death for life
    -More cheerful
  • Doris Salcedo

    Doris Salcedo

    Shibboleth
    -Concrete and metal
    -Creates divide and that is the purpose
    -Social divides in our world today
  • LaToya Ruby Frazier

    LaToya Ruby Frazier

    Momme Portrait Series (Shadow)
    -Daughter living in the shadow of her mother
  • Rodney McMillian

    Rodney McMillian

    Rodney McMillian
    Untitled
    -Uses architecture and sculpture to make portraits
  • Maurizio Cattelan

    Maurizio Cattelan

    Untitled
    -Taxidermied horse with INRI sign
  • Edgar Arceneaux

    Edgar Arceneaux

    Blind Pig #3
    -Graphite
    -Looking at the history of EDM in Detroit as done by the black community
  • Nick Cave

    Nick Cave

    Speak Louder
  • Maren Hassinger

    Maren Hassinger

    A Place for Nature
    -Nature, love, renewability
  • Henry Hargreaves

    Henry Hargreaves

    No Seconds
    -Recreated last meal requests from criminals on death row
  • Erdem Gunduz

    Erdem Gunduz

    Standing Man
    -Stood for several hours without a word for protest
  • Theaster Gates

    Theaster Gates

    Installation view of Double Cross
    -Social practice art
  • Titus Kaphar

    Titus Kaphar

    Asphalt and Chalk Michael Brown, Sean Bell, Amadou Diallo, Trayvon Martin
  • Ebony G. Patterson

    Ebony G. Patterson

    Invisible Presence - Bling Memories
    -Discrepancy between class regarding death traditions and burials
  • The Propeller Group

    The Propeller Group

    The Living Need Light, the Dead Need Music
    Projects all over the world
    Vietnam funerals
  • Ernesto Neto

    Ernesto Neto

    CanoeKeneJaguaPataLampLight
    (CanoaKeneOnçaPawLampadaLuz)
    -Let’s get physical, physical
    -Simple tribe
    -Created new culture
  • Nick Cave

    Nick Cave

    Soundsuit
    -Musical instruments
  • James Turrell

    James Turrell

    Roden Crater
    -Painted desert in Arizona
    -Has buildings with oculuses
    -He believes the crater is artwork
    -Pinhole camera in tunnel
    -Lunar standstill