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Jan 1, 1498
vasco de gama sails for india
iin 1498 , he reached the port of calicut, on the southwestern coast of india. Da Gama and his crew were amazed by the spices, rare silk, and precious gems that filled calicut's shop. -
establishment of the british east india company
the british east india company first established their base at calcutta, madras and bombay. at first east india company was under control of mughal empire. -
Industrial revolution in britain
The Industrial Revolution refers to the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700s. Before the Industrial Revolution, people wove textiles by hand. Then, machines began to do this and other jobs. Soon the Industrial Revolution spread from England to Continental Europe and North America. -
decline of the mughal empire
. By 1707, however, the Mughal Empire was collapsing. Dozens of small states, each headed by a ruler or maharajah, broke away from Mughal control. -
British overcomes french and take control of india
In 1757, Robert Clive led East India Company troops in a decisive victory over Indian forces allied with the French at the Battle of Plassey. -
Sepoy Rebillion
As economic problems increased for Indians, so did their feelings of resentment and nationalism. In 1857, gossip spread among the sepoys, the Indian soldiers, that the cartridges of their new Enfield rifles were greased with beef and pork fat. To use the cartridges, soldiers had to bite off the ends. Both Hindus, who consider the cow sacred, and Muslims, who do not eat pork, were outraged by the news.
A garrison commander was shocked when 85 of the 90 sepoys refused to accept the cartridges. -
British colonized india
The mutiny marked a turning point in Indian history. As a result of the mutiny, in 1858 the British government took direct command of India. The term Raj refers to British rule after India came under the British crown during the reign of Queen Victoria. A cabinet minister in London directed policy, and a British governor-general in India carried out the government's orders. -
creation of the Indian National Congress (INS)
Two groups formed to rid India of foreign rule: the primarily Hindu Indian National Congress, or Congress Party, in 1885, and the Muslim League in 1906. Though deep divisions existed between Hindus and Muslims, they found common ground. They shared the heritage of British rule and an understanding of democratic ideals. These two groups both worked toward the goal of independence from the British. -
Creation of muslim leaque
In competition with the Congress Party was the Muslim League, an organization founded in 1906 in India to protect Muslim interests. Members of the league felt that the mainly Hindu Congress Party looked out primarily for Hindu interests. The leader of the Muslim League, Muhammad Ali Jinnah , insisted that all Muslims resign from the Congress Party .
The Muslim League stated that it would never accept Indian independence if it meant rule by the Hindu-dominated Congress Party. Jinnah stated, “ -
Rowlett Acts
laws passed in 1919 that allowed the british goverment in india to jail anti-british protesters without trail for as long as 2 years. -
Amritsar Massacre
To protest the Rowlatt Acts, around 10,000 Hindus and Muslims flocked to Amritsar, in 1919. They intended to fast and pray and to listen to political speeches.
Most people were unaware that the British government had banned public meetings. However, the British commander ordered his troops to fire on the crowd without warning. The shooting in the enclosed courtyard continued for ten minutes. Official reports showed 400 indians died.In 1920, the Congress Party endorsed civil disobedience. -
Mohandas Gandhi's Leadership of the INC
The massacre at Amritsar set the stage for Mohandas K. Gandhi to emerge as the leader of the independence movement. Gandhi's strategy for battling injustice evolved from his deeply religious approach to political activity. His teachings blended ideas from all of the major world religions, including Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. Gandhi attracted millions of followers. Soon they began calling him the Mahatma meaning "great soul." -
Gandhi's Travels Stressing Nonviolent Resistance
In The Origin of Nonviolence, Gandhi offered a warning to those who were contemplating joining the struggle for independence. -
The Salt March
A peaceful protect against Salt Acts in 1930 in india in which ghandi led his followers on a 250 mile walk to the sea, where they made their own salt from evaporated water.
some demonstrators planned a march to a site where the British government processed salt. They intended to shut this saltworks down. Police officers with steel-tipped clubs attacked the demonstrators. -
Goverment of india act
In 1935, the British Parliament passed the Government of India Act. It provided local self-government and limited democratic elections, but not total independence.
However, the Government of India Act also fueled mounting tensions between Muslims and Hindus. These two groups had conflicting visions of India's future as an independent nation. Indian Muslims, outnumbered by Hindus, feared that Hindus would control India if it won independence. -
World war 2 - roits between Hindus and Muslims
Rioting between the two groups broke out in several Indian cities. In August 1946, four days of clashes in Calcutta left more than 5,000 people dead and more than 15,000 hurt.
British officials soon became convinced that partition, an idea first proposed by India's Muslims, would be the only way to ensure a safe and secure region. Partition was the term given to the division of India into separate Hindu and Muslim nations. -
Partition
A devision into parts, like the 1947 division of the british colony of india into the 2 notion: india and pakistan -
Indian\Pakistan independence
The British House of Commons passed an act on July 16, 1947, that granted two nations, India and Pakistan, independence in one month's time. In that short period, more than 500 independent native princes had to decide which nation they would join. The administration of the courts, the military, the railways, and the police—the whole of the civil service—had to be divided down to the last paper clip. Most difficult of all, millions of Indian citizens—Hindus, Muslims, and yet another significant r -
Gandhi's Death
Gandhi personally went to the Indian capital of Delhi to plead for fair treatment of Muslim refugees. While there, he himself became a victim of the nation's violence. A Hindu extremist who thought Gandhi too protective of Muslims shot and killed him on January 30, 1948.
