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A hospital is built to help Christian pilgrims who had fallen ill while visiting the Holy Land. Nursing duties performed by Benedictine monks.
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Other important orders:
The Knights Templar (founded 1118)
The Knights of the Teutonic Order (founded 1190)
Hospitaler Dames of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem -
writes an illustrated account of two human female dissections - authoritative anatomy text for 250 years
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and continues for 6 years killing an estimated 60 million people in Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, and Europe. yersinia pestis is to blame
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Johannes Guttenberg
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Composes surgical and anatomical treatise at odds with Galen (129-199 CE) - medical thought in the Renaissance begins
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Average lifespan for Europeans in the 17th century is age 20-25. Infant mortality rate is 50% and 58% of children died before age 5.
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Nurses were called sisters and matrons. They were illiterate and simple lay people who were well versed in domestic tasks such as scrubbing, laundry, and emptying spitoons. They had to adhere to the stricks standards of the nuns. This was the trend up to the 18th century
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These nurses devoted their lives to caring for the sick and gave spiritual guidence to people in their homes.
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Break through! Daughters of Charity were allowed to take care of wounded French soldiers.
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First Hospital In North America founded in Montreal Canada called Hotel Dieu (french hospital).
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Average lifespan in European countries rose to approximatley age 33 years old.
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First hospital was founded in Philedelphia, PA by Dr. Thoomas Bond and his good friend Benjamin Franklin.
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Jenner began to use the Turkish practice of vaccination. He inoculated a small farm boy with the cow pox disease with the fluid from an infected woman with the disease. weeks later he exposed the boy to smallpox and he did not contract the disease. SUCCESS! considered the" father of immunology"
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The nursing staff at this hospital devolved into an intoxicated, brawling mass, prompting Sisters of Charity to come into the hospital to "restore order and diffuse hope."
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Andrea Candelaria and Suzanna Dickerson treated casualties.
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Establishment of the first order of deaconesses created a model for nursing echoed all over Europe.
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The dirty, unventilated hospitals of the time gave spawn to a class of nurses known for their frequent intoxication, criminal histories and lack of professionalism.
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High ceilings, good ventilation, and wooden contruction characterized these wards. They were built to be torn down in 20 years, when they would become so contaminated they wouldn't be of use. While pavillion-style hospitals allowed for fresh air and sunlight, prior to the discovery of antisepsis, nosocomial infections such as gangrene were common. Known as "Hospitalism," these infections were fatal in 1 of 3 surgical patients.
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Bloodletting causes death of the nation's leader following a bout of gastroenteritis. Frequently prescribed treatments in this time included whiskey and brandy.
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The decline of the Roman empire led to the decline of medicine as fewer copies of quality medical texts were available and even fewer could read them.
