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476
Fall of Roman Empire
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Jun 8, 632
Death of Muhammad
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Jan 1, 1050
Hospital built in Jerusalem
A hospital is built to help Christian pilgrims who had fallen ill while visiting the Holy Land. Nursing duties performed by Benedictine monks. -
Oct 14, 1066
Battle of Hastings
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Jan 1, 1096
Knights Hospitalers of St. John of Jerusalem founded
Other important orders:
The Knights Templar (founded 1118)
The Knights of the Teutonic Order (founded 1190)
Hospitaler Dames of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem -
Jan 1, 1315
Mondino de Luzzi
writes an illustrated account of two human female dissections - authoritative anatomy text for 250 years -
Jan 1, 1347
The Black Death begins
and continues for 6 years killing an estimated 60 million people in Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, and Europe. yersinia pestis is to blame -
Jan 1, 1440
Printing Press
Johannes Guttenberg -
Jan 1, 1492
Columbus "discovers" the "new world."
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Jan 1, 1543
Andreas Vesalius
Composes surgical and anatomical treatise at odds with Galen (129-199 CE) - medical thought in the Renaissance begins -
Average Lifespan is age 20-25.
Average lifespan for Europeans in the 17th century is age 20-25. Infant mortality rate is 50% and 58% of children died before age 5. -
Sisters and Matrons
Nurses were called sisters and matrons. They were illiterate and simple lay people who were well versed in domestic tasks such as scrubbing, laundry, and emptying spitoons. They had to adhere to the stricks standards of the nuns. This was the trend up to the 18th century -
Saint Vincent de Paul founded Daughters of Charity
These nurses devoted their lives to caring for the sick and gave spiritual guidence to people in their homes. -
Daughters of Charity
Break through! Daughters of Charity were allowed to take care of wounded French soldiers. -
First hospital in North America
First Hospital In North America founded in Montreal Canada called Hotel Dieu (french hospital). -
Salem Witch Trials
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Average Lifespan is age 33.
Average lifespan in European countries rose to approximatley age 33 years old. -
First Hospital in America
First hospital was founded in Philedelphia, PA by Dr. Thoomas Bond and his good friend Benjamin Franklin. -
Medical College of Philadelphia established-now University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
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Declaration of Independence Signed
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James Derham was the first African American to formally practice medicine in the US.
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Edward Jenner, smallpox vaccination
Jenner began to use the Turkish practice of vaccination. He inoculated a small farm boy with the cow pox disease with the fluid from an infected woman with the disease. weeks later he exposed the boy to smallpox and he did not contract the disease. SUCCESS! considered the" father of immunology" -
Lewis and Clark Expedition.
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Florence Nightingale is born.
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Cholera Epidemic at Philadelphia General Hospital.
The nursing staff at this hospital devolved into an intoxicated, brawling mass, prompting Sisters of Charity to come into the hospital to "restore order and diffuse hope." -
The Fall of the Alamo
Andrea Candelaria and Suzanna Dickerson treated casualties. -
First order of modern nurses founded in Kaiserwerth, Germany.
Establishment of the first order of deaconesses created a model for nursing echoed all over Europe. -
Dickens publishes "Martin Chuzzlewit," featuring Sairy Gamp.
The dirty, unventilated hospitals of the time gave spawn to a class of nurses known for their frequent intoxication, criminal histories and lack of professionalism. -
Pavillion-style Massachusetts General Hospital built.
High ceilings, good ventilation, and wooden contruction characterized these wards. They were built to be torn down in 20 years, when they would become so contaminated they wouldn't be of use. While pavillion-style hospitals allowed for fresh air and sunlight, prior to the discovery of antisepsis, nosocomial infections such as gangrene were common. Known as "Hospitalism," these infections were fatal in 1 of 3 surgical patients. -
President Zachary Taylor dies as a result of bloodletting.
Bloodletting causes death of the nation's leader following a bout of gastroenteritis. Frequently prescribed treatments in this time included whiskey and brandy. -
Division of Roman Empire
The decline of the Roman empire led to the decline of medicine as fewer copies of quality medical texts were available and even fewer could read them.
