1st World War

Alsace Lorraine is conquered

Jan 1, 1871

German people take Alsace Lorraine from France

Dual Alliance (Germany and Austria-Hungary)

Jan 1, 1879

Key alliances

Period: Jan 1, 1882 to Jan 1, 1907

1882 – Triple Alliance: Italy joined the dual (France and Russia get nervous)
1892 – Franco-Russian Alliance against triple alliance
1904 – Entente Cordiale (Britain and France)
1907 – Triple Entente (Russia, Britain and France)

Italy joined the dual

Mar 5, 1882

Triple Alliance: Italy joined the dual (France and Russia get nervous)

Franco-Russian Alliance

Mar 5, 1892

Franco-Russian Alliance against triple alliance

Entente Cordiale (Britain and France)

Mar 5, 1904

Moroccan Crisis

Dec 29, 1905

Britain built the first Dreadnought

Mar 5, 1906

Germany built its own version of dreadnoughts

Mar 5, 1907

Triple Entente (Russia, Britain and France)

Mar 5, 1907

Triple Entente (Russia, Britain and France)

Austria seized Bosnia and Herzegovina

Jan 1, 1908

Austrian invasion of Bosnia

Jan 1, 1908

Many people living there were Slavs, who wanted to unite with Serbia. The Austrian invasion was resented by the Slavic peoples everywhere, including Russia. Serbia wanted to unite the Slavic peoples in the region, and resented the invasion of Bosnia

Russia and Austria started to mobilize

Mar 5, 1909

Agadir Crisis

Jan 1, 1911

French troops sent to Fez to fight Moroccan rebels. Germany accused France of trying to take control over Morocco, and sent a warship (Panther), hoping to force France to give them the French Congo. Britain objected to the German action because they had a naval base nearby at Gibraltar (they sent warships to Agadir). Germany backed down and recognized French influence in Morocco (Germans felt anti-British)

Tripoli is taken

Jan 1, 1911

Italy wants to control the other side of the Adriatic Sea

First Balkan War

Jan 1, 1912

Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro formed the Balkan League and attacked the Ottoman Empire in 1912

Second Balkan War

Jan 20, 1913

1913 Bulgaria went to war with Greece and Serbia. Turkey and Romania joined the Greek and Serbian side and Bulgaria was soon defeated losing land to the four victors.

Dreadnoughts

Mar 5, 1914

-Britain: 29
-Germany: 17

Start of the First Wold War

Jun 1, 1914

The Archduke was killed by a Serb student called Princip while he visited Sarajevo in June 1914. Princip was a Black Hand member. This assassination only triggered the war, it didn’t cause it

Archduke Franz Ferdinand heirs the Austria-Hungarian throne

Jun 1, 1914

Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the throne, and he went to Bosnia to help the loyalty of the Bosnian people to Austria-Hungary then he was killed by Princip the Serbian student of the Black hand

Austria-Hungary blames the Servian government

Jul 23, 1914

Austria-Hungary blames the Serbian government for the assassination, issuing a 10-point ultimatum. The ultimatum states that if Serbia doesn’t give up its independence, Austria-Hungary will send troops into Serbia

Serbia refuses to let these troops in.

Jul 28, 1914

Serbia refuses to let these troops in. Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia

1st World War

Period: Jul 28, 1914 to Nov 11, 1918

Russia helps Serbia

Jul 29, 1914

Russia begins mobilizing troops ready to help Serbia

Germany demands theat Russia stop mobilizing

Jul 30, 1914

Russia refuses

Aug 1, 1914

Germany declares war on Russia. France begins mobilizing to help Russia

Germany declares war on France

Aug 3, 1914

Germany declares war on France and sends troops through Belgium to attack, following the Schlieffen Plan

Belgium is neutral

Aug 4, 1914

Belgium is neutral, and Britain has agreed to protect Belgium. Britain orders Germany to withdraw. Germany refuses. Britain declares war on Germany.

Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia.

Aug 6, 1914

Mons war

Aug 23, 1914

Britain managed to slow down the German advance (they didn’t stop it)

Marne War

Sep 6, 1914

The allied troops managed to save Paris, and forced the Germans to pull back to the river Aisne.

1st battle of Ypres

Oct 19, 1914

Both sides wanted to stop the other side controlling the coastline

2nd Battle of Ypres

Apr 2, 1915

Germans used poison gas for the first time against the Allied troops

Battle of Verdun

Feb 21, 1916

The French, under Marshal Petain, held the Germans back

Battle of Somme

Jul 1, 1916

Britain used a new invention: the tank

Allies in Palestine

Jan 1, 1917

They beat the Turks at the Battle of Beersheva, and took Jerusalem. Then took Damascus, led by Sir Edmund Allenby, and finally British forces controlled the area

Tsar Nicholas II

Jan 1, 1917

Tsar Nicholas II is forced out of the Russian power so Russia pulled out of the War in 1917

The USA joined the Allies

Apr 1, 1917

Brest-Litovsk treaty

Mar 3, 1918

The Bolshevik leader of Russia signed a treaty with Germany called the Brest-Litovsk